【摘要】：我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的水庫(kù)中,絕大多數(shù)修建于1958年至1976年間,大部分水庫(kù)是邊勘察、邊設(shè)計(jì)、邊施工的“三邊”工程。有的水庫(kù)甚至就沒(méi)有設(shè)計(jì),即使有設(shè)計(jì),也往往缺乏足夠的水文、地質(zhì)等基礎(chǔ)資料。且當(dāng)時(shí)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范極不完善；施工設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)陋,大搞群眾運(yùn)動(dòng)和人海戰(zhàn)術(shù)；建設(shè)投資不足,頻繁停建、緩建造成不少“半拉子”工程。這些先天形成的因素,致使大部分水庫(kù)的建設(shè)從設(shè)計(jì)到施工均難以保證質(zhì)量,給水庫(kù)留下了眾多隱患。隨著大江大河的初步治理及防洪減災(zāi)體系的不斷完善,病險(xiǎn)水庫(kù)已成為防洪體系中最為薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和防洪安全的最大隱患,水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固工作事關(guān)防洪安全的大局,事關(guān)廣大人民群眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,國(guó)家對(duì)病險(xiǎn)水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固工作十分重視。 進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)病險(xiǎn)水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固工作的步伐越來(lái)越快。目前國(guó)內(nèi)大中型水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固工作目前已進(jìn)入尾聲,小型水庫(kù)的除險(xiǎn)加固工作正處于建設(shè)的高峰期,且小型水庫(kù)數(shù)量眾多,約占水庫(kù)總數(shù)的95%,其除險(xiǎn)加固工作又受到經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、施工條件及建設(shè)周期等因素影響,投資規(guī)模及建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等達(dá)均不到中型水庫(kù)的水平。在眾多小型水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固工程中大壩防滲加固尤為重要,是保證大壩安全及水庫(kù)正常運(yùn)行的重要基礎(chǔ)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)我國(guó)95%的水庫(kù)大壩為土石壩,針對(duì)土壩壩體和壩基防滲加固,如何選取最為經(jīng)濟(jì)、適用的防滲體系及施工工藝,對(duì)大壩加固后的防滲效果至關(guān)重要。 本論文以郎源水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固大壩防滲工程為例,該水庫(kù)為國(guó)內(nèi)重點(diǎn)小(一)型水庫(kù),其大壩防滲加固經(jīng)歷了兩次不同防滲工藝的設(shè)計(jì)與施工,分別采用了不同的防滲體系及施工工藝,取得的防滲效果也截然不同,通過(guò)對(duì)郎源水庫(kù)大壩所經(jīng)歷的兩次不同工藝防滲體系的勘察設(shè)計(jì)、施工、運(yùn)行監(jiān)測(cè)進(jìn)行全過(guò)程分析研究,對(duì)兩次不同防滲體系做出分析、評(píng)價(jià),并提出改進(jìn)措施等。 在郎源水庫(kù)第二次防滲加固取得較好防滲效果后,肯定了深層攪拌樁防滲墻接基巖帷幕灌漿這一防滲體系在國(guó)內(nèi)小型水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固大壩防滲中的重要地位,并找出該方案在朗源水庫(kù)大壩防滲應(yīng)用中的不足之處,提出改進(jìn)措施。得出了在不同地質(zhì)條件、施工條件及經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,選取合適防滲體系及施工工藝的方法,以達(dá)到最佳防滲效果。并在施工材料、施工工序、設(shè)備選型等方面提出創(chuàng)新意見(jiàn),提出加入化學(xué)灌漿作為防滲體系的改進(jìn)措施,使防滲體系能達(dá)到最佳防滲效果。
[Abstract]:Most of the existing reservoirs in our country were built from 1958 to 1976. Most of the reservoirs are "trilateral" projects while surveying, designing and constructing. Some reservoirs do not even design, even if there is design, often lack of sufficient hydrological, geological and other basic data. At that time, the technical standards and norms were very imperfect; the construction equipment was simple, the mass movement and the crowd tactics were engaged in; the construction investment was insufficient, the construction was stopped frequently, and the slow construction resulted in a lot of "half-pull" projects. These congenital forming factors make it difficult to guarantee the quality of most reservoir construction from design to construction, leaving many hidden dangers to the reservoir. With the improvement of flood control and disaster mitigation system, the dangerous reservoir has become the weakest link in flood control system and the biggest hidden danger of flood control safety. The reinforcement of reservoir is related to the overall situation of flood control safety. The safety of the lives and property of the masses is concerned, and the state attaches great importance to the strengthening of dangerous reservoirs. Since entering the 21 st century, the step of danger removal and reinforcement in China is getting faster and faster. At present, the work of danger removal and reinforcement of large and medium-sized reservoirs in China has come to an end. The work of eliminating danger and strengthening small reservoirs is in the peak period of construction, and the number of small reservoirs is numerous, accounting for about 95% of the total number of reservoirs. The strengthening work is affected by economic conditions, construction conditions and construction cycles, and the scale of investment and construction standards are not up to the level of medium-sized reservoirs. Dam seepage prevention and reinforcement is particularly important in many small reservoirs. It is an important foundation to ensure dam safety and normal operation of the reservoir. According to statistics, 95% of the reservoir dams in China are earth-rock dams. How to select the most economical, suitable anti-seepage system and construction technology for seepage prevention and reinforcement of earth dams and dam foundations is of great importance to the seepage prevention effect after dam reinforcement. This paper takes Langyuan Reservoir as an example to reinforce dam seepage control project. The reservoir is a small (1) type reservoir in China. The dam seepage prevention and reinforcement has experienced two different seepage control processes design and construction. Different seepage control systems and construction techniques are adopted respectively, and the results of seepage control are very different. Through the investigation, design, construction and operation monitoring of the two different process impervious systems experienced by the dam of Langyuan Reservoir, the whole process analysis and research are carried out. Two different seepage control systems were analyzed, evaluated, and improved measures were put forward. After the second seepage prevention and reinforcement of Langyuan Reservoir has been achieved, the important position of the impervious system of deep mixing pile impervious wall connected with bedrock curtain grouting in strengthening dam seepage control by small reservoirs in China is confirmed. The inadequacies of the application of this scheme in the dam seepage control of Longyuan Reservoir are found out, and the improvement measures are put forward. Under different geological conditions, construction conditions and economic conditions, the appropriate seepage control system and construction technology are selected in order to achieve the best seepage control effect. The paper also puts forward some innovative suggestions on construction materials, construction procedures and equipment selection, and puts forward that chemical grouting can be added as the improvement measure of the seepage control system, so that the anti-seepage system can achieve the best seepage prevention effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV698.23;TV543

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