【摘要】：河冰的輸移是河冰工程研究的重要組成部分，冬季渠道輸水必須解決冰凌帶來的影響。輸排冰運行是寒冷地區(qū)引水式水電站冬季運行的主要方式，特別是新疆地區(qū)的一些中、小水電站，常采用彎道排冰方式。首先針對浮冰的運動特點，建立三維的S形彎道水槽，基于FLUENT-EDEM耦合的三維兩相流數(shù)值模型，對不同流速、不同冰流量、不同冰顆粒尺寸條件下河渠彎道內(nèi)冰顆粒的運動特性進行了分析。之后建立了三維的彎道取水口模型，分析了彎道設(shè)置取水口后水流的變化和浮冰運動的特點，討論了取水口軸線與引水渠道軸線不同角度時的輸排冰效果。 模擬研究得到，冰顆粒在水槽的順直段運動狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定，，在進入到兩個90°的彎道后，存在橫向流速分量，在水流拖曳力的作用下，會向兩個彎道的凹岸側(cè)水槽壁面漂流，且隨著流速的增大，偏向凹岸側(cè)的幅度越大。冰顆粒在水槽中的運動存在滯留時間。滯留時間影響冰顆粒的聚集停滯范圍。滯留時間受水流速度、流冰量、冰顆粒與水槽壁面的摩擦等因素影響。輸排冰有其特定的運行條件，水流速度和冰流量是影響渠道輸排冰的兩個主要因素。彎道取水口的引水分流作用導(dǎo)致彎道主流線的位置發(fā)生改變，從而使整個彎道的水流形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)取水口軸線與引水渠道軸線為10°和15°的時，可以將四分之三左右的冰顆粒排出，排冰效果較好。
[Abstract]:The transport of river ice is an important part of river ice engineering research. Ice transport and drainage operation is the main way of winter operation of diversion hydropower stations in cold regions, especially in some middle and small hydropower stations in Xinjiang area. First of all, according to the motion characteristics of floating ice, a three-dimensional S-shaped channel flume is established. The numerical model of three-dimensional two-phase flow based on FLUENT-EDEM coupling is established, and different velocity and flow rate of ice are obtained. The motion characteristics of ice particles in channel bends were analyzed under different ice particle sizes. After that, a three-dimensional model of the intake channel is established, and the variation of the water flow and the characteristics of the ice floe movement after the bend is set up are analyzed, and the effect of ice transport and discharge at different angles between the inlet axis and the diversion channel axis is discussed. The simulation results show that the ice particles are in a stable state in the straight section of the flume. After entering two 90 擄bends, there is a transverse velocity component. Under the action of the drag force of the water flow, the ice particles drift to the wall of the flume on the concave bank of the two bends. And with the increase of the velocity, the amplitude of deviation to the concave bank is larger. The retention time of ice particles in the flume exists. The retention time affects the agglomeration and stagnation range of ice particles. The residence time is affected by the velocity of flow, the amount of drift ice and the friction between ice particles and flume wall. The flow velocity and ice flow rate are the two main factors that affect the ice transport and discharge in the channel. The diversion effect of the bend intake leads to the change of the position of the main flow line of the bend, which causes the change of the flow pattern structure of the whole bend. When the intake axis and the diversion channel axis are 10 擄and 15 擄, About 3/4 of the ice particles can be expelled, ice removal effect is better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV133

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