歷史時期撫河中下游河道變遷研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-19 18:07
【摘要】：本文通過對撫河中下游地區(qū)文獻(xiàn)資料進(jìn)行搜集與整理,除了參考?xì)v代地理總志外,還重點(diǎn)參考了《萬歷南昌府志》、《正德建昌府志》等明代孤本方志資料。在研究過程中,進(jìn)行了兩次實(shí)地考察,證實(shí)了河道沿岸階地發(fā)育與河道擺動之間的聯(lián)系。在河道變遷的規(guī)律、范圍、原因的分析上,較多運(yùn)用了自然地理學(xué)的理論和研究方法。衛(wèi)星照片與古地圖在本文中也有所應(yīng)用,部分河段如金溪縣石門鄉(xiāng)河段發(fā)生的行汊與主泓變遷,便需要借助衛(wèi)星照片得以分析判斷,而唐以來臨川城段的潰堤改道及南昌地區(qū)部分河道復(fù)原則利用了古地圖。結(jié)合歷史文獻(xiàn)的相關(guān)記載,根據(jù)歷史時期撫河中下游河道的變遷特征,可從南城-臨川段、臨川-南昌段兩部分分析。1、南城-臨川段:河道主要流經(jīng)洪積沖擊河谷平原,河道沿岸依次分布三級階地,且河道側(cè)蝕與擺動明顯受一二級階地的限制,在歷史時期該段河道較為穩(wěn)定,河流流向與今天大體一致。2、臨川-南昌段:該段河道主要流經(jīng)沖積低平原,即江西最大的贛撫沖擊平原,其河口地區(qū)位于贛撫沖擊平原北部,即鄱陽湖盆地。受第三紀(jì)以來,鄱陽湖盆地新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動不等量升降運(yùn)動的影響,地勢西部隆升,東部沉降,造成南昌地區(qū)一二級階地分布不平衡,三級階地不發(fā)育,主泓或許多支流河道沿岸二級階地缺失,河谷地帶河漫灘發(fā)育較多,河道缺乏階地的束縛,這種地質(zhì)構(gòu)造和地貌環(huán)境決定了該段河道容易發(fā)生潰堤改道或形成分(汊)流河道。從歷史時期來看,撫河下游南昌段的主泓道變遷頻繁,注(贛)江與注(鄱陽)湖擺動不定,明清以來南昌地區(qū)已有多條分流河道并存,水情復(fù)雜,水流紊亂。從河道變遷的影響來看,唐至清代撫河臨川城段東岸一直存在嚴(yán)重側(cè)蝕,故而自唐至清初該段河道沿岸一直有防洪堤,另又延續(xù)近千年不斷修繕千金陂,此為歷代文獻(xiàn)記載可證。明清時期的側(cè)蝕有所加強(qiáng),如明清時期南城段西岸頻繁修堤,以及南昌地區(qū)大量修堤建圩,以致民國時期出現(xiàn)“全境四達(dá),殆無無圩之田”的局面。究其原由,與明清時期人口迅速增長、生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞、區(qū)域氣候轉(zhuǎn)冷等因素不無關(guān)系。此外,河道變遷對水運(yùn)交通的影響也是不容忽視。歷史上,撫河沿岸的撫州地區(qū)的孔家渡(驛)、南昌地區(qū)的武陽渡(驛)等渡(驛)的興衰,與該段河道的變遷、擺動有密切聯(lián)系。
[Abstract]:Based on the collection and arrangement of literature in the middle and lower reaches of Fuhe River, in addition to referring to the general records of the past dynasties, this paper also focuses on referring to the "Nanchang Prefecture Records of Wanli", "Zhengde Jianchang Prefecture Records" and other isolated local chronicles of the Ming Dynasty. In the course of the study, two field visits were carried out to confirm the relationship between the terrace development and the river channel swing. The theory and research methods of natural geography are used in the analysis of the law, scope and cause of river course change. Satellite photos and ancient maps are also used in this paper. Some of the river segments, such as the branch and the main branch of Shimen River in Jinxi County, need to be analyzed and judged with the help of satellite photos. Since the Tang Dynasty, the embankment break in Linchuan City and the restoration of some rivers in Nanchang area have been made use of ancient map. According to the historical records, according to the vicissitude characteristics of the middle and lower reaches of the Fuhe River during the historical period, it can be analyzed from the Nancheng to Linchuan section and the Linchuan to Nanchang section. 1. Nancheng-Linchuan section: the main river course flows through the alluvial alluvium to the valley plain. Three terraces were distributed along the river coast in turn, and the lateral erosion and swinging of the channel were obviously restricted by the first and second terraces, which was relatively stable in the historical period. The flow direction of the river is roughly the same as today. 2. Linchuan-Nanchang section: this section of the river mainly flows through the alluvial low plain, that is, Jiangxi's largest Ganfu impact plain, and its estuarine area is located in the northern part of the Ganfu impact Plain, that is, the Poyang Lake Basin. Under the influence of the Neotectonic movement in Poyang Lake Basin since the Tertiary, the elevation and subsidence in the western part of the terrain caused the distribution of the first and second terraces to be unbalanced and the terraces of the third order undeveloped in Nanchang area. The secondary terraces along the main tributaries may be absent, the floodplain in the river valley area is more developed, and the river channel lacks the constraints of terraces. This geological structure and geomorphologic environment determine that the channel is prone to break the embankment or form a branched channel. From the historical point of view, the main channel of Nanchang section of the lower reaches of Fuhe River has changed frequently, the swinging of the note (Gan) River and the note (Poyang) lake is uncertain. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, there have been many distributary channels coexisting in Nanchang region, the water situation is complex and the water flow is disordered. Judging from the influence of river channel changes, the east bank of the Linchuan section of the Fuhe River from the Tang to the Qing dynasties has been seriously eroded. Therefore, from the Tang to the early Qing Dynasty, there has been a flood prevention embankment along this section of the river, and it has continued to renovate Qianjin Pei for nearly a thousand years. This is documented in all dynasties. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the side erosion was strengthened, such as the frequent construction of embankments in the west bank of the Nancheng section in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the construction of a large number of dikes in Nanchang area. The reasons are related to the rapid growth of population, the destruction of ecological environment and the regional climate cooling during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition, the influence of river channel changes on waterway transportation can not be ignored. In history, the rise and fall of Kongjiadu (post) in Fuzhou area along Fuhe River and Wuyang du (post) in Nanchang area are closely related to the vicissitude and wobble of this section of river channel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K29;TV147
本文編號：2281931
[Abstract]:Based on the collection and arrangement of literature in the middle and lower reaches of Fuhe River, in addition to referring to the general records of the past dynasties, this paper also focuses on referring to the "Nanchang Prefecture Records of Wanli", "Zhengde Jianchang Prefecture Records" and other isolated local chronicles of the Ming Dynasty. In the course of the study, two field visits were carried out to confirm the relationship between the terrace development and the river channel swing. The theory and research methods of natural geography are used in the analysis of the law, scope and cause of river course change. Satellite photos and ancient maps are also used in this paper. Some of the river segments, such as the branch and the main branch of Shimen River in Jinxi County, need to be analyzed and judged with the help of satellite photos. Since the Tang Dynasty, the embankment break in Linchuan City and the restoration of some rivers in Nanchang area have been made use of ancient map. According to the historical records, according to the vicissitude characteristics of the middle and lower reaches of the Fuhe River during the historical period, it can be analyzed from the Nancheng to Linchuan section and the Linchuan to Nanchang section. 1. Nancheng-Linchuan section: the main river course flows through the alluvial alluvium to the valley plain. Three terraces were distributed along the river coast in turn, and the lateral erosion and swinging of the channel were obviously restricted by the first and second terraces, which was relatively stable in the historical period. The flow direction of the river is roughly the same as today. 2. Linchuan-Nanchang section: this section of the river mainly flows through the alluvial low plain, that is, Jiangxi's largest Ganfu impact plain, and its estuarine area is located in the northern part of the Ganfu impact Plain, that is, the Poyang Lake Basin. Under the influence of the Neotectonic movement in Poyang Lake Basin since the Tertiary, the elevation and subsidence in the western part of the terrain caused the distribution of the first and second terraces to be unbalanced and the terraces of the third order undeveloped in Nanchang area. The secondary terraces along the main tributaries may be absent, the floodplain in the river valley area is more developed, and the river channel lacks the constraints of terraces. This geological structure and geomorphologic environment determine that the channel is prone to break the embankment or form a branched channel. From the historical point of view, the main channel of Nanchang section of the lower reaches of Fuhe River has changed frequently, the swinging of the note (Gan) River and the note (Poyang) lake is uncertain. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, there have been many distributary channels coexisting in Nanchang region, the water situation is complex and the water flow is disordered. Judging from the influence of river channel changes, the east bank of the Linchuan section of the Fuhe River from the Tang to the Qing dynasties has been seriously eroded. Therefore, from the Tang to the early Qing Dynasty, there has been a flood prevention embankment along this section of the river, and it has continued to renovate Qianjin Pei for nearly a thousand years. This is documented in all dynasties. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the side erosion was strengthened, such as the frequent construction of embankments in the west bank of the Nancheng section in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the construction of a large number of dikes in Nanchang area. The reasons are related to the rapid growth of population, the destruction of ecological environment and the regional climate cooling during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition, the influence of river channel changes on waterway transportation can not be ignored. In history, the rise and fall of Kongjiadu (post) in Fuzhou area along Fuhe River and Wuyang du (post) in Nanchang area are closely related to the vicissitude and wobble of this section of river channel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K29;TV147
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