黃河三角洲高分辨沉積記錄及其對河道變遷和重大人類活動的響應
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-18 08:33
【摘要】：黃河中下游以淤積和善遷徙為特點，自1855年黃河入海位置由黃海改為渤海以來，尾閭進行了十余次大的改道。除此之外，為抗洪防澇等，還進行了修堤建壩、人工改道、調水調沙等一系列人類活動。而作為黃河在入�？诘某练e體，黃河三角洲能夠最為敏感的反應黃河流域環(huán)境的變化，并對此留下記錄。因此，建立黃河三角洲高分辨沉積記錄，并研究其對河道變遷和重大人類活動的響應，對于黃河流域的規(guī)劃治理、黃河三角洲的油氣資源開發(fā)與國土整治等具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 本文基于取自黃河三角洲的六根短巖芯和一根長巖芯的粒度、灰度、地球化學以及放射性同位素特征進行了詳細的研究，建立了黃河三角洲高分辨沉積記錄，并研究了巖芯中河道變遷與調水調沙的沉積記錄，研究表明： 本研究區(qū)沉積物均以粘土質粉砂為主，砂含量最少，粉砂最多；頻率分布曲線表現(xiàn)為單峰、雙峰、或三峰，分別對應于不同的沉積環(huán)境；平均粒徑多在6.5Φ~7Φ之間；巖芯的灰度值與粒度呈正相關，沉積物的X光圖像可以反映出沉積物的粒度變化以及生物擾動情況，對于建立高分辨沉積記錄有十分重要的作用。 在六根短巖芯中，Si和Na元素之間一般具有正相關性，且與粒度呈現(xiàn)出明顯的正相關，Al，F(xiàn)e，Mg，Mn，K，Cu，Ni，Pb，，Zn等元素之間也一般具有較好的相關性，并與粒度呈現(xiàn)出明顯的負相關；P、S、Cl等元素之間相關性較好，但它們與粒度的相關性很弱。但在B45中，所有元素與粒度之間的相關性都很差。通過對B45沉積物中常微量元素進行R型因子旋轉分析，結果表明，沉積物中常微量元素主要受粒度、人類活動、生物組分和沉積物中殘存鹽分等的影響。 巖芯沉積物粒度組成和210-Pb曲線是判斷河道變遷的有效指標。黃河入�？诘淖儎訉е略撎幊练e物巖芯中210Pb曲線復雜化，以河流進積作用為主的情況下，呈現(xiàn)隨深度逐漸衰變的特征；而在沉積物再懸浮沉積區(qū)，210Pb活度的分布往往會出現(xiàn)混合或倒置。黃河入�？谧兓瘜е鲁练e物粒度組成的相應改變。在河口入海處，三角洲以進積作用為主導，形成了細�！獑畏濉诌x好粒度類型(類型I)，反映了三角洲亞環(huán)境的特征；當黃河入�？诟淖儠r，原來的三角洲沉積區(qū)進入侵蝕、改造時期，波浪作用占主導地位，形成了相對粗�！p峰—正偏—分選差的粒度類型(類型II)。 黃河口近岸短巖芯記錄記錄了1976年、1996年兩次黃河入�？诘淖冞w，其中A11（于12.0cm處）、A19(于14cm處)沉積特征的突變記錄了1996年黃河從清水溝改道清8汊入海的改道過程，A25(15.5cm處)巖芯則記錄了1976年從刁口流路改道清水溝入海的改道過程。1855年黃河北歸的事件在距離河口較遠處的B45巖芯（于190cm處）得到了較好的記錄，導致沉積物粒度的明顯改變，并與測年結果相吻合。黃河調水調沙重大人類活動在河口沉積巖芯中亦有體現(xiàn)，導致沉積物粒度組成和元素組成的改變，見于A11巖芯2~4cm處以及A18巖芯中1.0~2.5cm處。
[Abstract]:With siltation and good migration in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Yellow Sea has been changed from Yellow Sea to Bohai Sea since 1855. Besides, a series of human activities such as dam construction dam, artificial diversions, water diversion and sediment regulation are also carried out for flood prevention and waterlogging prevention and the like. As the sediment body of the Yellow River in the estuary, the Yellow River Delta can respond to the change of the environment of the Yellow River basin most sensitively, and record it. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to establish the high-resolution sedimentary records of the Yellow River Delta and study its response to river course changes and major human activities, and have very important practical significance for the planning and control of the Yellow River basin, the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the Yellow River Delta and the regulation of land and land. Based on the grain size, gray scale, geochemistry and radioactive isotope characteristics of six short-rock cores and a long rock core taken from the Yellow River Delta, this paper has established the high-resolution deposition of the Yellow River Delta. The sedimentary records of river course changes and sediment regulation sand in rock core were studied and studied. It is shown that the sediment in this study area is mainly argillaceous silt, with the minimum sand content and the most silty sand. The frequency distribution curve shows single peak, double peak, or three peaks, which correspond to different ones. The sedimentary environment of sediment and the average particle size are between 6. 5 and 7 Mt. The gray value of the rock core is positively correlated with the granularity, the Xlight image of the deposit can reflect the change of particle size and the biological disturbance, and it is very important to establish the high-resolution deposition record. It is important to have a positive correlation between Si and Na elements in six short-rock cores, and have obvious positive correlation with particle size. Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, K, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and other elements generally have good correlation, and have a good correlation with particle size. The correlation between P, S, Cl and other elements is good, but they are related to The correlation of particle size is weak. However, in B45, all elements and particle sizes The results show that trace elements in sediments are mainly affected by particle size, human activities, biological components and sediments. The influence of residual salinity, etc. The particle size composition and 210-Pb curve of the core sediments are The effective index of river course change is judged. The change of the estuary of the Yellow River causes the 210Pb curve in the sediment core of the sediment to be complicated, and the characteristic of gradual decay with depth is presented in the case of river inflow and accumulation, and the activity of 210Pb in the sediment re-suspension deposit area. The cloth tends to be mixed or inverted. The change in the inlet of the Yellow River causes the sink to sink The corresponding change of the particle size composition of the product is that in the estuary, the delta is dominated by the progradation effect, and the grain size type (type I) is sorted by the single-peak and positive skewer of the fine particle, which reflects the characteristics of the sub-environment of the delta; when the Yellow River is changed into the sea, the original delta is sunk. In the area of erosion and transformation, the wave plays an important role in the area of erosion, and the separation difference between the two peaks and the positive skewness of the relatively coarse grain is formed. Grain size type (type II) of the Yellow River estuary was recorded in 1976 and 1996, in which A11 (at 12. 0cm), A19 (at 14cm) sedimentary characteristics recorded the Yellow River from Qing Dynasty in 1996. The diversion process of the ditch diverges into the sea in August, and the core of A25 (15. 5cm) records the diversion process from the diversion channel to the sea in 1976. In 1855, the events of the north of the Yellow River were recorded at B45 rock core (190cm) at the distance from the mouth of the estuary, which resulted in the particle size of the sediment. The major human activities of the Yellow River diversion and adjustment are also reflected in the sediment cores of estuaries, resulting in the change of particle size composition and composition of the sediment, which is found at 2 ~ 4cm of A11 rock core and A1.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV147;P343.5
本文編號：2278575
[Abstract]:With siltation and good migration in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Yellow Sea has been changed from Yellow Sea to Bohai Sea since 1855. Besides, a series of human activities such as dam construction dam, artificial diversions, water diversion and sediment regulation are also carried out for flood prevention and waterlogging prevention and the like. As the sediment body of the Yellow River in the estuary, the Yellow River Delta can respond to the change of the environment of the Yellow River basin most sensitively, and record it. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to establish the high-resolution sedimentary records of the Yellow River Delta and study its response to river course changes and major human activities, and have very important practical significance for the planning and control of the Yellow River basin, the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the Yellow River Delta and the regulation of land and land. Based on the grain size, gray scale, geochemistry and radioactive isotope characteristics of six short-rock cores and a long rock core taken from the Yellow River Delta, this paper has established the high-resolution deposition of the Yellow River Delta. The sedimentary records of river course changes and sediment regulation sand in rock core were studied and studied. It is shown that the sediment in this study area is mainly argillaceous silt, with the minimum sand content and the most silty sand. The frequency distribution curve shows single peak, double peak, or three peaks, which correspond to different ones. The sedimentary environment of sediment and the average particle size are between 6. 5 and 7 Mt. The gray value of the rock core is positively correlated with the granularity, the Xlight image of the deposit can reflect the change of particle size and the biological disturbance, and it is very important to establish the high-resolution deposition record. It is important to have a positive correlation between Si and Na elements in six short-rock cores, and have obvious positive correlation with particle size. Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, K, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and other elements generally have good correlation, and have a good correlation with particle size. The correlation between P, S, Cl and other elements is good, but they are related to The correlation of particle size is weak. However, in B45, all elements and particle sizes The results show that trace elements in sediments are mainly affected by particle size, human activities, biological components and sediments. The influence of residual salinity, etc. The particle size composition and 210-Pb curve of the core sediments are The effective index of river course change is judged. The change of the estuary of the Yellow River causes the 210Pb curve in the sediment core of the sediment to be complicated, and the characteristic of gradual decay with depth is presented in the case of river inflow and accumulation, and the activity of 210Pb in the sediment re-suspension deposit area. The cloth tends to be mixed or inverted. The change in the inlet of the Yellow River causes the sink to sink The corresponding change of the particle size composition of the product is that in the estuary, the delta is dominated by the progradation effect, and the grain size type (type I) is sorted by the single-peak and positive skewer of the fine particle, which reflects the characteristics of the sub-environment of the delta; when the Yellow River is changed into the sea, the original delta is sunk. In the area of erosion and transformation, the wave plays an important role in the area of erosion, and the separation difference between the two peaks and the positive skewness of the relatively coarse grain is formed. Grain size type (type II) of the Yellow River estuary was recorded in 1976 and 1996, in which A11 (at 12. 0cm), A19 (at 14cm) sedimentary characteristics recorded the Yellow River from Qing Dynasty in 1996. The diversion process of the ditch diverges into the sea in August, and the core of A25 (15. 5cm) records the diversion process from the diversion channel to the sea in 1976. In 1855, the events of the north of the Yellow River were recorded at B45 rock core (190cm) at the distance from the mouth of the estuary, which resulted in the particle size of the sediment. The major human activities of the Yellow River diversion and adjustment are also reflected in the sediment cores of estuaries, resulting in the change of particle size composition and composition of the sediment, which is found at 2 ~ 4cm of A11 rock core and A1.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV147;P343.5
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