渭河流域典型水庫淤積及其對徑流輸沙的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 20:10
【摘要】：水庫作為調(diào)節(jié)河流水沙、蓄水興利的重要措施，在緩解我國工程性缺水的同時對河流徑流和泥沙產(chǎn)生了重大影響。本文借助變差系數(shù)、偏態(tài)系數(shù)、Pearson相關(guān)分析、雙累積曲線法以及淤積率經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ偷�，系統(tǒng)分析渭河流域水庫建設(shè)對河流徑流、輸沙過程的影響機制，采用水庫淤積量估算方法揭示渭河流域水庫蓄水?dāng)r沙對河流徑流量和輸沙量的影響，為水沙調(diào)度提供理論依據(jù)。結(jié)論如下： （1）嚴(yán)重的水土流失導(dǎo)致水庫淤積嚴(yán)重。據(jù)測定，巴家嘴水庫1960～2004年共淤積泥沙4.35億t；馮家山水庫1974～1993年共淤積泥沙0.93億t；羊毛灣水庫1973～2005年共淤積泥沙2187.5萬t；黑河金盆水庫和石頭河水庫淤積較少。依據(jù)水庫淤積率經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ凸浪愕弥己恿饔?6座中型水庫2001～2011年淤積泥沙總量為2363.6萬t。 （2）從年內(nèi)變化特征看，巴家嘴水庫入庫水沙年內(nèi)分配很不均勻，水沙集中分布于7～9月，且沙量集中分布特征更明顯。巴家嘴水庫汛期徑流量占全年的52.4%，輸沙量占全年的82.2%。水庫蓄水運用后使水庫下游水文站徑流量和輸沙量年內(nèi)分配趨于均勻化。水庫下游沿程站點多年平均輸沙量在水庫修建后同水庫修建前相比，其降低幅度隨著離水庫距離的增加而減小。毛家河站輸沙量從1956～1959年的1.9195億t，下降到1960～1987年的0.2486億t，降幅為87.1%；楊家坪站輸沙量從1956～1959年的1.1005億t，下降到1960～1987年的0.5739億t，降幅為47.8%；張家山站輸沙量從1956～1959年的3.5468億t，下降到1960～1987年的2.3610億t，降幅為33.4%。 （3）1950～2008年渭河流域徑流量和輸沙量隨時間呈顯著下降趨勢。由渭河流域張家山、狀頭和華縣3站徑流-輸沙雙累積過程線知，3站輸沙量均發(fā)生了趨勢線變化，說明除徑流量的變化對輸沙量產(chǎn)生影響外，人類活動是渭河流域輸沙量變化趨勢發(fā)生改變的主要原因。同時3站徑流-輸沙雙累積曲線的轉(zhuǎn)折點同水庫下閘蓄水的時間相對應(yīng)。借助張家山、狀頭、華縣3站徑流-輸沙雙累積曲線，，對3站徑流-輸沙雙累積曲線最后一個階段的累積輸沙量的變化進行估算，求得：2001～2008年無降水影響時張家山站累積減沙量約為4.52億t；2003～2008年無降水影響時狀頭站的累積減沙量約為5.78億t；2001～2008年無降水影響時華縣站的累積減沙量約為11.24億t。
[Abstract]:Reservoir, as an important measure to regulate river water and sediment, has great influence on river runoff and sediment while alleviating the water shortage of engineering in China. With the help of variation coefficient, skewness coefficient, Pearson correlation analysis, double accumulation curve method and sedimentation rate empirical model, this paper systematically analyzes the influence mechanism of reservoir construction on river runoff and sediment transport process in Weihe River Basin. The method of reservoir siltation estimation is used to reveal the influence of reservoir water and sediment retention on river runoff and sediment discharge in Weihe River Basin, which provides a theoretical basis for water and sediment regulation. The conclusions are as follows: (1) serious soil erosion results in serious reservoir siltation. According to the measurement, the total sedimentation of Bajiazui Reservoir is 435 million t from 1960 to 2004; the Fengjiashan Reservoir is 93 million t from 1974 to 1993; the Miao Bay Reservoir is 21.875 million t from 1973 to 2005; and the Heihe Jinpan Reservoir and the Shihe Reservoir are less. According to the empirical model of reservoir siltation rate, the total sediment accumulation of 46 middle reservoirs in Weihe River Basin from 2001 to 2011 is 23.636 million t. (2) according to the variation characteristics of the year, the distribution of water and sand in the Bajiazui Reservoir is very uneven. The distribution of water and sediment is concentrated from July to September, and the distribution of sediment volume is more obvious. The runoff of Bajiazui Reservoir in flood season accounts for 52.4 percent of the whole year, and the sediment discharge accounts for 82.2 percent of the whole year. The distribution of runoff and sediment discharge in the downstream hydrological station of the reservoir tends to be uniform after the storage and operation of the reservoir. Compared with that before the construction of the reservoir, the decrease of the average sediment discharge at the downstream of the reservoir decreases with the increase of the distance from the reservoir after the construction of the reservoir. The sediment discharge of Maojiahe Station decreased from 191.95 million t from 1956 to 1959 to 24.86 million t from 1960 to 1987, with a decrease of 87.1 t, and the sediment discharge capacity of Yangjiaping Station decreased from 110.05 million t from 1956 to 1959 to 57.39 million t from 1960 to 1987, with a decrease of 47.8 t. The sediment discharge of Zhangjiashan station decreased from 354.68 million t in 1956-1959 to 236.1 million t in 1960-1987, the decrease was 33.4T. (3) the runoff and sediment discharge of Weihe River Basin decreased significantly with time from 1950 to 2008. According to the line of the double accumulation process of runoff and sediment transport at Zhangjiashan, Xiangtou and Huaxian stations in the Weihe River Basin, the trend line changes of sediment transport amount have taken place in the three stations, which indicates that the change of runoff has an effect on sediment discharge. Human activity is the main reason for the change of sediment discharge trend in Weihe River Basin. At the same time, the turning point of the double accumulation curve of runoff and sediment transport at the three stations corresponds to the storage time of the lower sluice of the reservoir. With the aid of Zhangjiashan, Xiangtou, Huaxian three stations runoff and sediment transport double accumulation curve, the variation of cumulative sediment transport in the last stage of the runoff-sediment transport double accumulation curve at 3 stations is estimated. The results show that the accumulative sediment reduction of Zhangjiashan station is about 452 million t ~ 2003-2008 when there is no effect of precipitation from 2001 to 2008. The cumulative sediment reduction of Huaxian station is about 1.124 billion t during the period of 2001 ~ 2008 when there is no effect of precipitation on Zhangjiashan station during the period of 578 million t ~ 2001.When there is no influence of precipitation in 2001 ~ 2008, the accumulated sediment reduction of Zhangjiashan station is about 452 million t ~ 2003-2008.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV145
本文編號：2271515
[Abstract]:Reservoir, as an important measure to regulate river water and sediment, has great influence on river runoff and sediment while alleviating the water shortage of engineering in China. With the help of variation coefficient, skewness coefficient, Pearson correlation analysis, double accumulation curve method and sedimentation rate empirical model, this paper systematically analyzes the influence mechanism of reservoir construction on river runoff and sediment transport process in Weihe River Basin. The method of reservoir siltation estimation is used to reveal the influence of reservoir water and sediment retention on river runoff and sediment discharge in Weihe River Basin, which provides a theoretical basis for water and sediment regulation. The conclusions are as follows: (1) serious soil erosion results in serious reservoir siltation. According to the measurement, the total sedimentation of Bajiazui Reservoir is 435 million t from 1960 to 2004; the Fengjiashan Reservoir is 93 million t from 1974 to 1993; the Miao Bay Reservoir is 21.875 million t from 1973 to 2005; and the Heihe Jinpan Reservoir and the Shihe Reservoir are less. According to the empirical model of reservoir siltation rate, the total sediment accumulation of 46 middle reservoirs in Weihe River Basin from 2001 to 2011 is 23.636 million t. (2) according to the variation characteristics of the year, the distribution of water and sand in the Bajiazui Reservoir is very uneven. The distribution of water and sediment is concentrated from July to September, and the distribution of sediment volume is more obvious. The runoff of Bajiazui Reservoir in flood season accounts for 52.4 percent of the whole year, and the sediment discharge accounts for 82.2 percent of the whole year. The distribution of runoff and sediment discharge in the downstream hydrological station of the reservoir tends to be uniform after the storage and operation of the reservoir. Compared with that before the construction of the reservoir, the decrease of the average sediment discharge at the downstream of the reservoir decreases with the increase of the distance from the reservoir after the construction of the reservoir. The sediment discharge of Maojiahe Station decreased from 191.95 million t from 1956 to 1959 to 24.86 million t from 1960 to 1987, with a decrease of 87.1 t, and the sediment discharge capacity of Yangjiaping Station decreased from 110.05 million t from 1956 to 1959 to 57.39 million t from 1960 to 1987, with a decrease of 47.8 t. The sediment discharge of Zhangjiashan station decreased from 354.68 million t in 1956-1959 to 236.1 million t in 1960-1987, the decrease was 33.4T. (3) the runoff and sediment discharge of Weihe River Basin decreased significantly with time from 1950 to 2008. According to the line of the double accumulation process of runoff and sediment transport at Zhangjiashan, Xiangtou and Huaxian stations in the Weihe River Basin, the trend line changes of sediment transport amount have taken place in the three stations, which indicates that the change of runoff has an effect on sediment discharge. Human activity is the main reason for the change of sediment discharge trend in Weihe River Basin. At the same time, the turning point of the double accumulation curve of runoff and sediment transport at the three stations corresponds to the storage time of the lower sluice of the reservoir. With the aid of Zhangjiashan, Xiangtou, Huaxian three stations runoff and sediment transport double accumulation curve, the variation of cumulative sediment transport in the last stage of the runoff-sediment transport double accumulation curve at 3 stations is estimated. The results show that the accumulative sediment reduction of Zhangjiashan station is about 452 million t ~ 2003-2008 when there is no effect of precipitation from 2001 to 2008. The cumulative sediment reduction of Huaxian station is about 1.124 billion t during the period of 2001 ~ 2008 when there is no effect of precipitation on Zhangjiashan station during the period of 578 million t ~ 2001.When there is no influence of precipitation in 2001 ~ 2008, the accumulated sediment reduction of Zhangjiashan station is about 452 million t ~ 2003-2008.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV145
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 董耀華;惠曉曉;藺秋生;;長江干流河道水沙特性與變化趨勢初步分析[J];長江科學(xué)院院報;2008年02期
2 陳立,吳門伍,張俊勇;三峽工程蓄水運用對長江口徑流來沙的影響[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2003年01期
3 師長興,章典,尤聯(lián)元,李炳元;黃河口泥沙淤積估算問題和方法——以釣口河亞三角洲為例[J];地理研究;2003年01期
4 李從先,楊守業(yè),范代讀,趙娟;三峽大壩建成后長江輸沙量的減少及其對長江三角洲的影響[J];第四紀(jì)研究;2004年05期
5 李紹武;王建軍;郝品正;王相國;;河道三維水流數(shù)值模型及應(yīng)用[J];港工技術(shù);2008年01期
6 鞏琳琳;黃強;孫清剛;張洪波;;劉家峽水庫調(diào)度方式對黃河上游水文情勢的影響[J];干旱區(qū)資源與環(huán)境;2013年02期
7 李瓊芳;鄒振華;郭瑾;夏自強;馬穎;;人類活動對長江泥沙特性的影響[J];河海大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2007年04期
8 張洪波;黃強;張雙虎;;梯級水庫運行對黃河上游水文條件的累積影響[J];河海大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2011年02期
9 陸永軍,竇國仁,韓龍喜,邵學(xué)軍,楊向華;三維紊流懸沙數(shù)學(xué)模型及應(yīng)用[J];中國科學(xué)E輯:技術(shù)科學(xué);2004年03期
10 郭選英;韓巧蘭;;巴家嘴水庫來水來沙特性與水庫泥沙數(shù)學(xué)模型設(shè)計[J];吉林水利;2006年02期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 李輝;水沙過程預(yù)測及水庫多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化調(diào)度研究[D];天津大學(xué);2008年
本文編號：2271515
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/shuiwenshuili/2271515.html
最近更新
教材專著
