【摘要】：植被淺溝是低影響開發(fā)技術(shù)中一種良好的生態(tài)排水設(shè)施，，能夠有效削減徑流中的污染物含量，同時(shí)起到削減峰值流量和調(diào)控徑流總量的作用。雨量和雨強(qiáng)是影響植被淺溝運(yùn)行效果的重要因素，但目前的研究結(jié)論并未按上述因素對(duì)植被淺溝進(jìn)行效果進(jìn)行劃分。且與傳統(tǒng)排水管道相比，植被淺溝占地面積略大，同時(shí)還面臨著重金屬等污染物的積累和溶出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題，這也限制了其在城市高密度地區(qū)的推廣。 本研究針對(duì)上述問題，在全面了解國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)暴雨情況下植被淺溝的運(yùn)行效果進(jìn)行了評(píng)析，同時(shí)利用International Stormwater Best Management PracticesDatabase中所積累的植被淺溝多年運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，并從統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和實(shí)地監(jiān)測兩方面對(duì)植被淺溝內(nèi)污染物變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析。通過加設(shè)滲排管及減小種植土厚度對(duì)傳輸型植被淺溝進(jìn)行了改良，并分析了堰板和植物型消能壩對(duì)其去除效果的影響。考察了深圳牛山公園植被淺溝內(nèi)種植土污染物的積累狀況，并估算了其運(yùn)行壽命。 主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下： （1）與小降雨事件相比，傳輸型植被淺溝在暴雨條件下的污染物去除效果及穩(wěn)定性均有所降低，對(duì)SS的平均去除效果僅為10%，且硝酸鹽有明顯的溶出現(xiàn)象，對(duì)徑流峰值和總量的削減效果也顯著下降。 （2）統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的結(jié)果表明植被淺溝并非對(duì)所有污染物的去除效果都與入水濃度相關(guān)，其中淺溝對(duì)NO3-、TOC、細(xì)菌、As及Ni的去除效果與入水濃度均無明顯相關(guān)性，對(duì)TKN的去除效果還與降雨歷時(shí)和降雨量相關(guān)。隨著降雨量的增加，植被淺溝對(duì)徑流的削減效果逐漸降低，當(dāng)降雨量大于45mm時(shí)，植被淺溝很難體現(xiàn)出良好徑流削減效果。 （3）植被淺溝對(duì)TP、NH4+、COD及SS的去除效果隨植被淺溝長度的變化關(guān)系符合指數(shù)衰減模型，但在不同進(jìn)水濃度下，其系數(shù)有所變化，植被淺溝對(duì)NO3-的去除效果不符合該規(guī)律。 （4）加裝滲排管后植被淺溝的污染物去除效果顯著提升，加裝堰板后植被淺溝的滯留能力顯著提升，但是依然不能有效防止小粒徑（40微米）顆粒的再懸�。慌c堰板相比，植物型消能壩能夠顯著控制細(xì)小顆粒物的再懸浮。 （5）牛山公園內(nèi)植被淺溝種植土的特性與周邊土壤相比已經(jīng)發(fā)生了顯著地變化，其中種植土有機(jī)質(zhì)含量總體上呈降低趨勢，且pH在起始端較低，重金屬含量略有增高，但仍保持在良好范圍內(nèi)，通過估算，牛山公園內(nèi)植被淺溝仍可以能夠有效運(yùn)行39年而不超過土壤規(guī)范中的含量限值，其中Zn的積累是制約植被淺溝運(yùn)行壽命的最主要的因素。
[Abstract]:Vegetation shallow gully is a good ecological drainage facility in low-impact development technology, which can effectively reduce pollutant content in runoff, reduce peak discharge and control total runoff. Rainfall and rainfall intensity are important factors affecting the operation effect of vegetation shallow gully, but the current research conclusions do not follow the above factors on vegetation. Compared with the traditional drainage pipeline, the shallow vegetation ditch covers a slightly larger area, and also faces the risk of accumulation and dissolution of heavy metals and other pollutants, which also limits its application in high-density urban areas.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the research status at home and abroad, the operation effect of shallow vegetation ditches under rainstorm conditions was evaluated and analyzed. At the same time, the operation data of shallow vegetation ditches accumulated in the International Stormwater Best Management Practices Database for many years were used for statistical analysis and practice. The change of pollutants in shallow vegetation ditches was analyzed from two aspects of ground monitoring. The transport vegetation ditches were improved by adding seepage drainage pipes and reducing planting soil thickness. The effects of weir plates and Plant-type energy dissipation dams on their removal efficiency were analyzed. The accumulation of pollutants in planting soil in shallow vegetation ditches of Niushan Park in Shenzhen was investigated. The operating life is estimated.
The main research contents and results are as follows:
(1) Compared with small rainfall events, the removal efficiency and stability of pollutants in shallow ditches with transported vegetation were reduced, and the average removal efficiency of SS was only 10%. Nitrate dissolved obviously, and the reduction effect of peak runoff and total runoff was also decreased significantly.
(2) Statistical analysis showed that the removal effect of shallow vegetation ditch was not correlated with the influent concentration. The removal effect of shallow vegetation ditch on NO3-, TOC, bacteria, As and Ni was not correlated with the influent concentration. The removal effect of TKN was also correlated with rainfall duration and rainfall. When the rainfall is more than 45 mm, it is difficult for shallow vegetation gully to show good effect of runoff reduction.
(3) The relationship between the removal efficiency of TP, NH4+, COD and SS by shallow vegetation ditch and the length of shallow vegetation ditch conforms to the exponential attenuation model, but the coefficient varies with different influent concentration, and the removal efficiency of NO3 - by shallow vegetation ditch does not conform to the law.
(4) The removal efficiency of pollutants in shallow vegetation ditches was significantly improved after adding seepage drainage pipes, and the retention capacity of shallow vegetation ditches was significantly improved after adding weir plates, but the resuspension of small-sized particles (40 microns) could not be effectively prevented. Compared with weir plates, plant-type energy dissipation dams could significantly control the resuspension of fine particles.
(5) Compared with the surrounding soil, the characteristics of planting soil in the shallow vegetation ditch in Niushan Park have changed significantly. The organic matter content in the planting soil is generally decreasing, and the pH value is lower at the beginning, and the heavy metal content is slightly increased, but it is still in a good range. By estimating, the shallow vegetation ditch in Niushan Park can still be effective. Zn accumulation is the most important factor restricting the life span of shallow furrow vegetation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV213.9;TU992

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