【摘要】：荊江-洞庭湖構(gòu)成的具有復(fù)雜時空變化特點的江湖水系對長江防洪體系有著重要影響。自三峽水庫蓄水運用以來,荊江干流以及向洞庭湖三口分流過程發(fā)生了新的調(diào)整,因此在一定程度上改變了原有的防洪形勢。為應(yīng)對荊江-洞庭湖水系關(guān)系的變化,需要能夠準(zhǔn)確模擬河道、湖泊內(nèi)各種復(fù)雜水流運動過程,建立了荊江-洞庭湖區(qū)一、二維嵌套水動力學(xué)模型,對荊江和三口河系模擬采用一維河網(wǎng)模型,洞庭湖區(qū)采用二維淺水湖泊模型。本嵌套模型是以邊界搭接的水量交換方式連接一、二維模型,即一維模型為二維模型的提供上游流量邊界;二維模型為一維模型提供下游水位邊界,模型之間能互相傳遞物理量,并依據(jù)邊界水力因子相等原則,實現(xiàn)互賦邊界迭代計算。利用2008年全年荊江干流上監(jiān)利、螺山站,三口河道的新江口、沙道觀站、彌陀寺以及洞庭湖區(qū)內(nèi)的鹿角站的實測水文資料對模型進行率定,利用2012年的實測水文資料對模型進行驗證。同時模擬計算了洞庭湖豐、枯水期的流場,湖區(qū)主體表層水流流向是從目平湖-南洞庭湖-東洞庭湖,最終由城陵磯流出,接著匯入長江。豐水期水體幾乎被置換,而枯水期"死水"現(xiàn)象明顯。模型在水位、流量、斷面流速過程3方面的驗證結(jié)果顯示,無論是在荊江干流、分洪水系還是洞庭湖區(qū),模擬結(jié)果均與實測資料吻合較好,峰谷對應(yīng)關(guān)系明顯。嵌套模型選取的糙率等參數(shù)準(zhǔn)確,技術(shù)處理到位,具有較高的精度,能較好反映整個荊江-洞庭湖區(qū)的水流運動過程。同時模型可用于荊江-洞庭湖區(qū)不同組合類型洪水過程的計算,對三峽調(diào)度影響下的荊江防洪預(yù)測有著重要參考價值。
[Abstract]:The river and lake system composed of Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake with complex temporal and spatial variation has an important influence on the flood control system of the Yangtze River. Since the storage and operation of the three Gorges Reservoir, new adjustment has taken place in the main stream of Jingjiang River and its diversion to Dongting Lake, which has changed the original flood control situation to a certain extent. In order to cope with the change of water system relationship between Jingjiang and Dongting Lake, it is necessary to simulate accurately various complex flow processes in rivers and lakes, and a 2-D nested hydrodynamic model for Jingjiang-Dongting Lake region is established. One dimensional river network model is used for simulation of Jingjiang River and three river systems, and two dimensional shallow lake model is used for Dongting Lake area. The nested model is connected by the water exchange method of boundary overlap. The two-dimensional model provides upstream discharge boundary for the two-dimensional model, and the two-dimensional model provides the downstream water level boundary for the one-dimensional model, and the one-dimensional model provides the upstream flow boundary for the two-dimensional model. The models can transfer physical quantities to each other and calculate the boundary iteratively according to the principle of equal boundary hydraulic factor. Based on the measured hydrological data of Jianli, Luoshan Station, Xinjiang Estuary of three Rivers, Sand Daoguan Station, Mituo Temple and antler Station in Dongting Lake District in 2008, the rate of the model is determined. The model is verified by the measured hydrological data in 2012. At the same time, the flow field of Dongting Lake during the periods of abundant and dry water is simulated and calculated. The flow direction of the main surface water flows from Muping Lake to South Dongting Lake to East Dongting Lake, and finally flows out from Chenglingji and then flows into the Yangtze River. The water was almost replaced in the high water period, but the "dead water" phenomenon was obvious in the dry season. The verification results of the model in three aspects of water level, discharge and cross-section velocity process show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the measured data, whether in the Jingjiang main stream, flood diversion system or Dongting Lake area, and the corresponding relationship between peak and valley is obvious. The parameters such as roughness selected by the nested model are accurate, the technical treatment is in place, and the accuracy is high, which can better reflect the flow motion process of the whole Jingjiang-Dongting Lake region. At the same time, the model can be used to calculate the flood process of different combination types in Jingjiang-Dongting Lake area, which has an important reference value for the flood control prediction of Jingjiang River under the influence of three Gorges operation.
【作者單位】： 中南大學(xué)地球科學(xué)與信息物理學(xué)院/有色金屬成礦預(yù)測與地質(zhì)環(huán)境監(jiān)測教育部重點實驗室;中南民族大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;長江水利委員會水文局;河海大學(xué)水文水資源與水利工程科學(xué)國家重點實驗室;華中科技大學(xué)水電與數(shù)字化工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51509273) 水文水資源與水利工程科學(xué)國家重點實驗室開放研究基金項目(2015491111) 中南民族大學(xué)中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)專項資金資助項目(CZW15072,CZW15126)
【分類號】：TV131.2

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