【摘要】：如何防止泄水建筑物的空蝕破壞是高壩建設(shè)中面對的關(guān)鍵問題之一。摻氣減蝕技術(shù)被大量的工程實踐證明是經(jīng)濟而又有效的防空蝕破壞技術(shù)。在特殊的水力及邊界條件下,不光是流道的底板,邊墻也會遭受空蝕破壞。但是,到目前為止這方面仍缺乏系統(tǒng)而又有效的研究。 為了避免泄水建筑物全過水斷面受到空蝕破壞,必須采用側(cè)墻和底板聯(lián)合摻氣減蝕措施。本文通過三維紊流數(shù)值模擬的方法研究泄洪洞有壓出口突擴突跌摻氣水流特性、摻氣空腔特性、動水壓力的沿程分布、水流摻氣濃度的分布及變化規(guī)律、摻氣減蝕有效保護長度等內(nèi)容。 本文在總結(jié)前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,選用歐拉方法的RNGk-ε紊流模型對側(cè)墻及底部聯(lián)合摻氣減蝕的水力特性進行三維數(shù)值模擬,將計算結(jié)果同試驗值進行對比分析,得出了不同摻氣坎后水流流態(tài)、側(cè)空腔和底空腔特性的影響因素、水流沖擊區(qū)的壓力分布規(guī)律、水流摻氣濃度的分布及其衰減規(guī)律和有效摻氣保護長度。為高壩工程泄水建筑物的摻氣減蝕設(shè)施的應(yīng)用提供更加可靠的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:How to prevent cavitation damage of drainage structures is one of the key problems in the construction of high dams. Aeration corrosion reduction technology has been proved to be an economical and effective anti-air erosion and destruction technology by a large number of engineering practices. Under special hydraulic and boundary conditions, not only the bottom of the channel, but also the side wall will be destroyed by cavitation. However, so far, there is still a lack of systematic and effective research. In order to avoid cavitation erosion damage to the whole water passing section of the drainage structure, the aeration erosion reduction measures of side wall and bottom plate must be adopted. In this paper, the characteristics of aeration flow, aeration cavity, hydrodynamic pressure along the course of hydrodynamic pressure, the distribution and variation of aeration concentration of water flow are studied by means of three-dimensional turbulent numerical simulation. The effective protection length of aeration to reduce corrosion and so on. On the basis of summarizing the previous research results, the RNGk- 蔚 turbulence model of Eulerian method is used to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of side wall and bottom combined aeration to reduce corrosion, and the calculated results are compared with the experimental data. The influence factors of water flow state, side cavity and bottom cavity characteristics, pressure distribution of water flow impact zone, the distribution of aeration concentration and its attenuation law and effective aeration protection length are obtained. It provides a more reliable theoretical basis for the application of aeration erosion reduction facilities in high dam project.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV135.2

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