【摘要】：水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度可以實現(xiàn)水資源的綜合有效利用,有助于解決目前日益緊張復雜的水資源問題,在經(jīng)濟社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著十分重要的作用。隨著氣候條件、水庫功能和社會需求等不斷變化,水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度研究也變得十分必要和迫切。根據(jù)水庫實際運行情況,建立優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型,并通過高效的方法進行求解。將科學研究與實際應(yīng)用相結(jié)合,根據(jù)數(shù)學模型計算結(jié)果,制定合理有效的優(yōu)化調(diào)度方案,提高水庫運行經(jīng)濟效益,為管理決策者提供一定參考。本研究在“故縣水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度決策支持軟件”項目支持下展開,以故縣水庫為研究對象,結(jié)合水庫歷年的調(diào)度情況,分析水庫調(diào)度中存在的問題;以發(fā)電量最大作為目標函數(shù),結(jié)合水庫實際情況,以水量平衡方程、水位、發(fā)電水頭、出力、用水量等為約束條件,建立了故縣水庫的優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型;基于改進的遺傳算法對優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型進行求解,制定了優(yōu)化調(diào)度方案,指導故縣水庫優(yōu)化運行。(1)分析水庫調(diào)度中存在的問題。根據(jù)水庫歷年調(diào)度運行結(jié)果、水庫現(xiàn)狀和相關(guān)規(guī)劃等,分析故縣水庫調(diào)度存在的問題:一是水庫長時間在低水頭下發(fā)電運行,耗水率較高;二是在汛期來水量較大的情況下,由于汛限水位限制,導致棄水較多,且汛期過后發(fā)電水頭不足;三是水庫新增對洛陽市等地區(qū)的供水規(guī)劃,目前的調(diào)度方案不能滿足運行需求。(2)水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型的構(gòu)建及其求解�；诠士h水庫基本調(diào)度規(guī)則,以發(fā)電量最大為目標函數(shù),以水量平衡方程、水位、發(fā)電水頭、出力、用水量等為約束條件,建立故縣水庫調(diào)度模型。對遺傳算法進行改進,采用變動水位編碼,通過水量平衡篩選水位過程,將人工調(diào)度經(jīng)驗作為啟發(fā)式信息優(yōu)化算法的初始種群,通過自適應(yīng)的交叉和變異操作,以進化程度作為算法終止的判斷條件,進行算法流程的設(shè)計,對故縣水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型進行求解。(3)故縣水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度結(jié)果分析。設(shè)置常規(guī)優(yōu)化調(diào)度、考慮壩址降雨蒸發(fā)優(yōu)化調(diào)度、考慮供水規(guī)劃優(yōu)化調(diào)度三種模式,進行豐、平、枯等典型年的優(yōu)化調(diào)度分析計算。將常規(guī)優(yōu)化調(diào)度結(jié)果與動態(tài)規(guī)劃計算結(jié)果進行對比分析,驗證算法的合理有效性,分析結(jié)果表明:二者的優(yōu)化水位過程及變化趨勢基本保持一致,且改進遺傳算法求解精度更高,能夠獲得更多的發(fā)電量,可以用來求解水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度問題。(4)制定了水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度方案。通過對優(yōu)化調(diào)度結(jié)果的分析可知,壩址降雨蒸發(fā)對發(fā)電量和水位影響較小,而水庫供水規(guī)劃則大幅降低了發(fā)電量和水庫平均運行水位,但通過供水增加了經(jīng)濟效益,結(jié)合水庫供水規(guī)劃,豐、平、枯等典型年的引水流量分別為5 m3/s、3 m3/s、2 m3/s,汛期平均發(fā)電水頭分別為75.3m、75.2m、72.1m,非汛期平均發(fā)電水頭分別為78.5m、75.8m、74.3m,制定了故縣水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度方案,為故縣水庫的運行管理提供參考。
[Abstract]:Reservoir optimal operation can realize the comprehensive and effective utilization of water resources, help to solve the increasingly tense and complex water resources problem, and play a very important role in the sustainable development of economy and society. With the climatic conditions, reservoir functions and social needs constantly changing, the study of reservoir optimal operation has become very necessary and urgent. According to the actual operation of the reservoir, the optimal operation model is established and solved by an efficient method. Combining scientific research with practical application, according to the results of mathematical model calculation, a reasonable and effective optimal dispatching scheme is formulated to improve the economic benefit of reservoir operation and to provide a certain reference for the management decision makers. This research is carried out under the support of "Guxian Reservoir optimal dispatching decision support Software", taking the Guxian Reservoir as the research object, combining with the reservoir operation situation over the years, analyzing the problems existing in the reservoir operation, taking the maximum power generation as the objective function, Combined with the actual situation of the reservoir, taking the water balance equation, water level, power generation head, output and water consumption as the constraint conditions, the optimal dispatching model of Guxian reservoir is established, and the optimal dispatching model is solved based on the improved genetic algorithm. The optimal operation scheme is established to guide the reservoir operation in Guxian County. (1) the problems in reservoir operation are analyzed. According to the operation results of reservoir operation over the years, the present situation of reservoir and related planning, the problems existing in reservoir operation in Guxian County are analyzed. The first is that the reservoir generates electricity for a long time under low water head and the water consumption rate is high; the other is in the case of a large amount of water coming from flood season. Due to the limited water level in flood season, more water is abandoned and the water head of power generation is insufficient after the flood season. Third, the new water supply planning for Luoyang and other areas by the reservoir. The current dispatching scheme can not meet the operational requirements. (2) the construction and solution of reservoir optimal operation model. Based on the basic regulation of reservoir operation in Guxian County, the model of reservoir operation in Guxian County is established with the objective function of maximum generation capacity, the water balance equation, water level, water head of power generation, output force, water consumption and so on. Genetic algorithm is improved, variable water level code is adopted, water level process is screened by water balance, artificial dispatching experience is taken as the initial population of heuristic information optimization algorithm, and adaptive crossover and mutation operation are adopted. The evolutionary degree is taken as the judgment condition for the termination of the algorithm, and the algorithm flow is designed to solve the model of the reservoir optimal operation in Guxian. (3) the analysis of the optimal operation results of the reservoir in Guxian. By setting up conventional optimal dispatching, considering the optimal dispatching of rainfall evaporation at dam site and considering the three modes of optimal dispatching of water supply planning, the optimal dispatching analysis and calculation for typical years, such as abundant, flat and dry, are carried out. By comparing the results of conventional optimal operation with those of dynamic programming, the reasonable validity of the algorithm is verified. The results show that the optimal water level process and its changing trend are basically consistent with each other. The improved genetic algorithm is more accurate and can obtain more electricity, which can be used to solve the reservoir optimal operation problem. (4) the reservoir optimal operation scheme is established. Through the analysis of the results of optimal operation, it can be seen that evaporation of rainfall at the dam site has little effect on power generation and water level, while the water supply planning of reservoir has greatly reduced the electricity generation and the average operating water level of the reservoir, but increased the economic benefit through the water supply. Combined with reservoir water supply planning, the diversion flow in typical years, such as abundant, flat and dry, is 5 m3 / s ~ 3 m ~ (-3 / s) / s respectively, the average water head in flood season is 75.3 m / m ~ 75.2 m ~ (-2) m, and the average water head in non-flood season is 78.5 m / m ~ 75.8 m / m ~ 74.3 m respectively. It provides a reference for the operation and management of the reservoir in Guxian County.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV697.11

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