【摘要】：為控制或減免水電站發(fā)電下泄低溫水對下游河段水環(huán)境的不利影響，多層進(jìn)水口已被作為典型措施推薦。與傳統(tǒng)單層進(jìn)水口相比，多層進(jìn)水口取水?dāng)嗝婵s小，進(jìn)口高程抬高，水流流態(tài)更為復(fù)雜。在對進(jìn)水口進(jìn)行設(shè)計時，應(yīng)保證水流平順、流態(tài)平穩(wěn)，并盡量減小水頭損失。因此，對多層進(jìn)水口的水力特性進(jìn)行研究，對進(jìn)水口體型參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，對保證電站安全高效運(yùn)行具有重要意義。 本文結(jié)合糯扎渡水電站、錦屏一級水電站和光照水電站，采用k紊流模型對其多層進(jìn)水口水力特性進(jìn)行了三維數(shù)值模擬研究，并通過對所得結(jié)果的分析和總結(jié)，得出一定規(guī)律，為以后多層進(jìn)水口的設(shè)計提供參考。 首先，利用糯扎渡水電站多層進(jìn)水口模型試驗結(jié)果，水頭損失與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果吻合良好，驗證了采用本文方法模擬多層進(jìn)水口水力特性的合理性。然后，利用上述方法，對糯扎渡水電站、錦屏一級水電站和光照水電站的多層進(jìn)水口進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究。研究結(jié)果表明，上述水電站進(jìn)水口的水頭損失有所區(qū)別，對其原因進(jìn)行了分析。無門葉取水工況時，從水流流態(tài)和流速分布方面分析，糯扎渡水電站和錦屏一級水電站多層進(jìn)水口的水流流態(tài)較好，光照水電站由于其疊梁門墩體型較大，流速變化不平順。有門葉取水工況時，糯扎渡水電站和錦屏一級水電站多層進(jìn)水口下游進(jìn)水室均出現(xiàn)了回流區(qū)，光照水電站進(jìn)水室寬度布置合理，回流情況不明顯。 上述水電站有門葉取水時，進(jìn)口前流速均在進(jìn)口高度范圍內(nèi)較大，說明采用多層進(jìn)水口取水方案，可以有效實現(xiàn)有選擇地取用水庫的不同層水體，，對減免電站取水對下游生態(tài)環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響具有積極作用。本文的研究成果可應(yīng)用于相關(guān)的工程。
[Abstract]:In order to control or reduce the adverse effects of low-temperature water discharge from hydropower stations on the water environment of the downstream reach, the multi-layer intake has been recommended as a typical measure. Compared with the traditional single-layer inlet, the intake section of the multi-layer inlet is smaller, the inlet elevation is raised, and the water flow pattern is more complex. In the design of the inlet, the flow should be smooth and steady, and the head loss should be minimized. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the hydraulic characteristics of the multi-layer inlet and optimize the configuration parameters of the inlet to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the power station. Combined with Nuozhadu Hydropower Station, Jinping First-Class Hydropower Station and Illumination Hydropower Station, this paper studies the hydraulic characteristics of multi-layer intake by k turbulence model, and obtains some rules by analyzing and summarizing the results obtained. It provides a reference for the design of multi-layer inlet in the future. First, using the model test results of the multi-layer intake of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station, the head loss is in good agreement with the numerical simulation results, which verifies the rationality of using the method in this paper to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of the multi-layer inlet. Then, the numerical simulation of the multi-layer inlet of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station, Jinping First-Class Hydropower Station and Illumination Hydropower Station is carried out by using the above method. The results show that the head loss of the inlet of the hydropower station is different and the reasons are analyzed. Under the condition of no gate blade intake, the water flow pattern and velocity distribution are analyzed from the point of view of water flow pattern and velocity distribution. The multi-layer inlet of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station and Jinping Grade I Hydropower Station have better flow state, and the flow velocity of Illumination Hydropower Station is irregular because of the larger shape of the laminated gate pier. When there are gate blade intake conditions, the backflow zone appears in the influent chamber of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station and Jinping Grade I Hydropower Station. The width of the inlet chamber is reasonable and the backflow situation is not obvious at the Illumination Hydropower Station. When the gate blade is used for water intake, the velocity of inlet velocity is larger in the inlet height range, which indicates that the multi-layer intake scheme can effectively realize the selective access to different layers of water body of the reservoir. It has a positive effect on the negative impact of water intake on the downstream ecological environment. The research results of this paper can be applied to relevant engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV732.1;TV135

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