【摘要】：我國的水資源時空分布不均,與社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平及戰(zhàn)略布局不相匹配,水資源供需矛盾突出,僅靠挖掘本流域的水資源潛力無法完全解決當?shù)氐乃Y源短缺問題,跨流域調(diào)水工程已成為水資源重新分配和緩解缺水地供需矛盾的重要途徑。目前,針對跨流域水庫群聯(lián)合優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型、求解方法的研究取得了一系列研究成果。然而,隨著跨流域調(diào)水規(guī)模的不斷擴大,水庫群的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)也越來越復雜,調(diào)度規(guī)則形式與求解方法適應性方面出現(xiàn)了一系列新的問題。例如,如何解決大規(guī)模復雜水庫群優(yōu)化調(diào)度的“維數(shù)災”問題,聯(lián)合供水任務(wù)在成員水庫間的供水分配問題和多受水水庫的引水分配問題等。目前,針對跨流域水庫群引水規(guī)則的研究較少,而引水規(guī)則制定時需要依據(jù)不同水庫群的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu),同時需要不斷完善規(guī)則以提高引水效率。此外,鑒于跨流域水庫群調(diào)度規(guī)模擴大加劇了調(diào)度問題求解的復雜性,對優(yōu)化計算效率和求解精度也提出了越來越高的要求。隨著計算機技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展和多核并行計算平臺日益多元化,多核并行計算逐漸成為提高水庫群優(yōu)化調(diào)度計算效率和求解精度的一個重要途徑。因此,本文從調(diào)度模型和求解方法兩個方面展開研究,主要研究成果如下： (1)首先介紹了研究區(qū)的區(qū)域概況和社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展布局,識別研究區(qū)域水資源開發(fā)利用存在的問題,說明實施跨流域調(diào)水工程措施的必要性。然后,介紹了遼寧省東水西調(diào)北線工程——遼西北供水工程的特點,并對系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)做出合理的概化,明確水庫群調(diào)度目標及所需要的特征資料。最后,基于歷史長系列的入流量過程,分析研究區(qū)域的用水和徑流規(guī)律,為調(diào)度模型的資料輸入、調(diào)度規(guī)則的合理性分析等做基礎(chǔ)的工程背景及數(shù)據(jù)準備。 (2)以遼西北供水工程為背景,根據(jù)跨流域水庫群拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)預設(shè)了相應的調(diào)度規(guī)則。①引(調(diào))水與供水規(guī)則基本形式及其使用規(guī)則。其中,限制供水與引(調(diào))水的啟動標準分別為供水與引(調(diào))水調(diào)度線,根據(jù)時段初蓄水量所處的調(diào)度區(qū)確定是否限制供水或引(調(diào))水決策。此外,受水水庫的引水決策是調(diào)水水庫的調(diào)水決策和受水水庫的引水決策的一個組合決策過程。②聯(lián)合供水任務(wù)的供水規(guī)則,采用主控水庫法來制定聯(lián)合供水任務(wù)的供水決策,然后構(gòu)建供水分配模型實現(xiàn)供水任務(wù)的分解。③構(gòu)建引水分配模型實現(xiàn)多受水水庫的初始引水量分配問題。實例結(jié)果分析表明了所制定規(guī)則的合理性和有效性。 (3)為提高整個系統(tǒng)的供水和引水效益,確定供水量最大和引水量最小兩個目標函數(shù)以及相應的約束條件,構(gòu)建基于調(diào)度規(guī)則的跨流域水庫群聯(lián)合調(diào)度優(yōu)化模型。采用模擬-優(yōu)化方法求解所制定的調(diào)度規(guī)則,其中,模擬模塊嵌入優(yōu)化模塊以尋求聯(lián)合調(diào)度圖中調(diào)度線的關(guān)鍵點位置和引水供水分配系數(shù)。實例結(jié)果也表明了模型的科學性與合理性以及模擬-優(yōu)化方法的實用性。 (4)針對跨流域水庫群聯(lián)合優(yōu)化調(diào)度具有高維非線性和動態(tài)性的特點,提出一種改進微粒群算法,用于求解跨流域水庫群引水與供水聯(lián)合優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型。該算法針對基本微粒群算法易陷入局部最優(yōu),并且進化后期收斂速度慢的缺陷,引入粒子交叉變異遺傳更新策略、模擬退火策略和反射邊界策略,以增加種群的多樣性并提高算法的進化速度和全局搜索能力。數(shù)值實驗顯示該算法適用于求解高維復雜問題,實例研究也表明該算法的收斂性能得到了改善,提高了整個系統(tǒng)的供水與引水效益,是一種求解大規(guī)模復雜水庫群優(yōu)化調(diào)度的實用方法。 (5)為進一步提高跨流域大規(guī)模復雜水庫群優(yōu)化調(diào)度的計算效率和求解精度,采用并行PSO算法進行聯(lián)合調(diào)度模型的多核并行求解。該算法充分利用PSO搜索速度快、天然并行性等特點,引入多種群思想保證種群的多樣性,提高算法的全局收斂能力；采用基于分治策略的Fork/Join框架實現(xiàn)將子種群分配到不同CPU內(nèi)核進行獨立求解；利用java并發(fā)過程中的同步和通信機制實現(xiàn)子種群間的信息交流,避免陷入局部最優(yōu)。最后通過實例分析表明,多核并行PSO算法能夠充分利用多核資源,有利于提高聯(lián)合優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型的計算速度和求解精度,是解決大規(guī)模復雜水庫群優(yōu)化調(diào)度的一種高效實用的方法。 (6)針對已有引水規(guī)則的引水效率有待進一步提高的問題,本文提出一種引水規(guī)則的有效改進形式,以及改進規(guī)則下受水水庫時段引水量的確定方法。該改進規(guī)則同時考慮了調(diào)水水庫和受水水庫的蓄水狀態(tài),并且在受水水庫上采用雙引水控制線形式。當調(diào)水水庫調(diào)水且受水水庫蓄水狀態(tài)處于雙引水控制線之間時,引水量在滿引(初始引水量與引水能力的較小值)與不引之間線性插值。最后采用基于并行PSO算法(PPSO)的模型迭代方法求解,結(jié)果表明改進引水規(guī)則對供水影響較小,但極大提高了豐、平水年的引水效率。
[Abstract]:The uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in China is not matched with the social and economic development level and strategic layout, and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is prominent. It is impossible to fully solve the local water shortage problem by digging the potential of water resources in this basin. The trans basin water diversion project has become an important part of the redistribution of water resources and the relief of the contradiction between the supply and demand of water shortage. At present, a series of research achievements have been achieved in the study of the joint optimal scheduling model of cross basin reservoirs, and a series of research results have been obtained. However, with the continuous expansion of the scale of water diversion in the cross basin, the topology of the reservoir group is becoming more and more complex, and a series of new problems have appeared in the form of scheduling rules and the suitability of the solution methods. For example, such as How to solve the "dimensionality disaster" problem of the large-scale complex reservoir group optimization scheduling, the distribution of water supply between the members of the reservoir and the diversion of water reservoir, and so on. At present, the study on the diversion rules for the cross basin reservoirs is less, and the timing of the diversion should be based on the topology of different reservoir groups. In addition, in view of the complexity of the scheduling problem and the increasing complexity of the scheduling problem, the efficiency and accuracy of the optimization are also raised. With the continuous development of computer technology and the increasing diversity of multi core parallel computing platform, the multi core parallel meter has been developed. The calculation has gradually become an important way to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the optimal operation of the reservoir group. Therefore, this paper studies the two aspects of the scheduling model and the solution method, and the main research results are as follows:
(1) first, it introduces the general situation of the study area and the layout of the social and economic development, identifies the problems existing in the development and utilization of the water resources in the study area, and illustrates the necessity of implementing the measures for the implementation of the water diversion project in the cross basin. Then, it introduces the characteristics of the East Water Diversion Project of the east of Liaoning Province, the west north water supply project, and makes a reasonable estimate of the system structure. In the end, the law of water and runoff in the study area is analyzed based on the history of long series of inflow, and the engineering background and data are prepared for the basis of the data input of the scheduling model and the reasonableness analysis of the scheduling rules.
(2) taking the water supply project in the northwest of Liaoning as the background, the corresponding scheduling rules are preset according to the topology of the cross basin reservoir group. (1) the basic forms of water supply and water supply rules and their use rules. Among them, the starting standard of water supply and diversion (adjustment) is the water supply and (adjustment) water dispatching line, which is determined according to the dispatching area of the initial water storage in the period of time. Whether the water supply or the water diversion decision is restricted. In addition, the water diversion decision of the water reservoir is a combination decision process of the water diversion decision of the water reservoir and the decision of the water diversion of the water reservoir. The water supply assignment model is constructed to realize the initial water diversion distribution of the water reservoir. The case results analysis shows that the rules are reasonable and effective.
(3) in order to improve the water supply and water diversion benefits of the whole system, to determine the maximum water supply and the minimum two target functions of the water diversion and the corresponding constraints, the optimization model of the joint dispatching of the reservoir group based on the scheduling rules is constructed. The simulation optimization method is used to solve the scheduling rules, in which the simulation module is embedded in the optimization module. In order to find the key point position of the scheduling line and the water supply distribution coefficient in the joint schedule, the example results also show the scientificalness and rationality of the model and the practicability of the simulation optimization method.
(4) an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the joint optimal scheduling model of water diversion and water supply in a cross basin reservoir. The algorithm is introduced to the problem that the basic particle swarm optimization is easy to fall into the best local and slow convergence in the later stage of evolution. Particle cross mutation genetic updating strategy, simulated annealing strategy and reflection boundary strategy are used to increase the diversity of the population and improve the evolutionary speed and global searching ability of the algorithm. Numerical experiments show that the algorithm is suitable for solving high dimensional complex problems. The example study also shows that the convergence performance of the algorithm is improved and the whole system is improved. The efficiency of water supply and diversion is a practical method for solving the large-scale and complex reservoir group optimal operation.
(5) in order to further improve the computational efficiency and accuracy of the optimal scheduling of large and complex reservoirs in the cross basin, the parallel PSO algorithm is used to solve the multi core parallel scheduling model. The algorithm makes full use of PSO search speed and natural parallelism to ensure the diversity of the population and improve the global convergence of the algorithm. By using the Fork/Join framework based on divide and conquer strategy, the subpopulation is allocated to different CPU kernel for independent solution, and the information exchange between subpopulations is realized by the synchronization and communication mechanism in the concurrent process of Java, and the local optimum is avoided. Finally, the multi core parallel PSO algorithm can make full use of the multi core parallel algorithm. Nuclear resources are beneficial to improve the calculation speed and solving precision of the combined optimal scheduling model. It is an efficient and practical method to solve the optimal scheduling of large and complex reservoirs.
(6) in view of the problem that the water diversion efficiency of the existing water diversion rules needs to be further improved, this paper proposes an effective improvement form for the regulation of water diversion, as well as the method for improving the water diversion amount of the water reservoir under the regulation under the rules. The improvement rule also takes into account the water storage state of the water reservoir and the water reservoir, and uses double quotes on the water receiving reservoir. Water control line form. When water diversion reservoir is water reservoir and water reservoir is stored in double water diversion control line, the quantity of diversion is linear interpolation between the full citation (initial water intake and water diversion capacity) and the non citation. Finally, the model iterative method based on parallel PSO algorithm (PPSO) is used to solve the problem. The result shows that the water supply rules are improved to water supply. The effect is small, but it greatly improves the water diversion efficiency of the year.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TV697.11

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