【摘要】：天然河道中，支流斜接干流河道是廣泛存在的自然現(xiàn)象。因為天然河道形態(tài)不一，根據(jù)交匯口附近干流河道的形態(tài)特點，可分為曲線型交匯與直線型交匯兩大類型。曲線型河道水流流態(tài)本身就十分復(fù)雜，支流的交匯使得曲線交匯口局部幾何形態(tài)及水力條件更為復(fù)雜。因此，曲線型交匯口彎道水流特性研究不僅具有重要的理論價值，而且在航運、水工建筑物設(shè)計、河道整治等方面具有積極的實用價值。 本課題以曲線型交匯口彎道的防護為出發(fā)點，研究不同挑角的丁壩群對曲線型交匯口彎道的影響。當前，丁壩是河道整治工程中一種十分常見的建筑物，具有束水攻沙、控制河勢、壅高水位及保護岸灘等多種作用。特別是對護岸工程來說，修建丁壩后，水流受到壓縮，使丁壩下的斷面突然放大，水流由于分離而形成了狹長的回流區(qū)。所以，，對于研究丁壩群挑角對曲線型交匯口彎道的影響具有普遍的實踐意義。 目前有關(guān)于丁壩水流的研究大多數(shù)是針對直段河道而布置的丁壩，而在實際河道中，大多數(shù)設(shè)計是針對丁壩在彎道上的險工。本課題以曲線型交匯口彎道中布置的丁壩群為研究對象，針對曲線型交匯口彎道水流特性，采用“水流跟蹤者”先進的三維聲學(xué)多普勒流速儀ADV(Aeoustic Doppler Veloimeter)對曲線型交匯口彎道及丁壩附近的水流流速進行系統(tǒng)的測量，獲取了有關(guān)曲線型交匯口彎道和丁壩的信息，從多方面研究不同挑角的丁壩群對曲線型交匯口彎道的影響。本試驗采用平底有機玻璃水槽進行概化模型試驗，主要分析了非淹沒丁壩群的挑角在不同水位以及不同交匯角下對曲線型交匯口彎道防護的作用，不同挑角丁壩群對曲線型交匯口彎道自由水面形態(tài)、縱向流速分布、縱向脈動強度分布的影響，同時也探討了水位變化對丁壩水流流態(tài)的影響。研究得出：在曲線型交匯口彎道凹岸布置丁壩群后，可以束窄水流，調(diào)整、優(yōu)化流速分布，改變彎道水流的自由水面形態(tài)。在交匯角和水位一定的情況下，改變丁壩挑角對曲線型交匯口彎道的流速影響產(chǎn)生一定的影響；在交匯角和丁壩挑角一定的情況下，水位對丁壩附近水面形態(tài)影響相對較小，但是對彎道凸岸影響相對較大。本課題針對不同挑角丁壩群對曲線型交匯口彎道水力特性進行較深入系統(tǒng)的分析，旨在為這類交匯口彎道的進一步科學(xué)研究、工程設(shè)計、河道整治及其它特性研究提供參考。
[Abstract]:In natural river, the branch stream channel is a widespread natural phenomenon. Because the natural channel is different, it can be divided into two types according to the morphological characteristics of the main stream channel near the intersection. The flow pattern of the curved channel is very complicated itself, and the intersection of the tributaries makes the curve intersection part. The geometric shape and hydraulic conditions are more complex. Therefore, it is of great theoretical value to study the flow characteristics of curved intersection curve, but also has positive practical value in shipping, hydraulic structure design, river regulation and so on.
This subject takes the protection of curved intersection curve as the starting point to study the influence of dike groups with different pick angles on the curve of curved intersection. At present, the dike is a very common building in the river regulation project, which has many functions, such as water attack, control of the river, the water level of the river and the bank, and so on. Especially for the bank protection project, After the construction of a spur dike, the flow is compressed, which makes the cross section of the dike suddenly magnified, and the flow of water has formed a narrow reflux area due to separation. Therefore, it is of general practical significance to study the influence of the pick angle of the dike group on the curve of the curve intersection.
At present, most of the research on the flow of spur dikes is the spur dike arranged for the straight channel. In the actual River, most of the design is aimed at the dangerous work of the spur dam on the bend. This subject takes Ding Baqun as the research object in the curve intersection curve. The advanced three-dimensional acoustic Doppler flow meter ADV (Aeoustic Doppler Veloimeter) is used to measure the flow velocity near the curved intersection curve and the dike near the spur dike. The information about the curve and spur dike at the curve intersection is obtained, and the influence of the dike groups with different pick angles on the curve of the curve intersection is studied in many ways. The effect of the angle of the non submerged spur group at different water level and different intersection angle to the curve intersection curve protection is mainly analyzed by using the flat bottom organic glass tank. The influence of the different pick dike groups on the free surface shape, the longitudinal velocity distribution and the longitudinal pulsation intensity distribution in the curve intersection curve is analyzed. At the same time, the influence of the water level on the flow pattern of the spur dike is also discussed. It is concluded that after the dike group is arranged on the concave bank of the curve intersection at the curved intersection, the narrow flow can be bundled, the velocity distribution is optimized, the free surface form of the flow of the bend is changed, and the bend angle of the dike is changed to the curve intersection curve at the intersection angle and the water level. The influence of flow velocity has a certain influence. Under the condition of intersection angle and spur dike angle, the water level has a relatively small influence on the water surface shape near the spur dike, but it has a relatively large influence on the convex bank of the bend. It provides reference for further scientific research, engineering design, river regulation and other characteristics research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV863

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