【摘要】：堤壩是水利工程的一個(gè)重要的組成部分，主要起約束河水防止水流對(duì)河岸的沖刷和保護(hù)兩岸人民安全的作用，故很有必要對(duì)堤防建設(shè)質(zhì)量和安全評(píng)定下大功夫。 本文所據(jù)為灞河中的砂礫石，由于河流兩岸分布有大量的砂礫石料，為堤防的填筑提供了天然的材料，砂礫石料具有分布廣泛、儲(chǔ)量大、排水性強(qiáng)、壓實(shí)性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是其本身的特性又決定了填料的不均勻性和易分散性、滲透性大等不利于工程穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn)�；谏暗[石的這些特點(diǎn)對(duì)其作深入研究使其更好的應(yīng)用到工程實(shí)際中，具有很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文根據(jù)室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)，得出砂礫石的基本性質(zhì)，確定出砂礫石料的壓實(shí)控制指標(biāo)，在工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)碾壓試驗(yàn)，得到合理的砂礫石料松鋪厚度和碾壓方式、碾壓遍數(shù)為工程的施工提供依據(jù)。 通過(guò)試驗(yàn)得到： （1）通過(guò)顆粒分析試驗(yàn)得到當(dāng)?shù)厣暗[石料的級(jí)配曲線可以看出曲線較緩，粒徑分布均勻，，級(jí)配良。 （2）通過(guò)相對(duì)密度試驗(yàn)得到最小、最大干密度隨含砂量的變化曲線得到相對(duì)密度為0.6時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)的干密度，運(yùn)用最小二乘多項(xiàng)式擬合法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，并結(jié)合工程實(shí)際對(duì)處理后的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,得到在擬合次數(shù)為3時(shí)滿足要求。 （3）本文結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)確定施工時(shí)的碾壓遍數(shù)，為后續(xù)施工提供依據(jù)，對(duì)比在松鋪厚度為50cm和40cm等厚度下砂礫石在不同碾壓遍數(shù)下的數(shù)據(jù)，得到在松鋪后度為40cm碾壓遍數(shù)為6時(shí)可以滿足質(zhì)量和效益的要求。 （4）通過(guò)大量的檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，碾壓后干密度隨粗料含量的增加而增加（粗料含量較小時(shí)），當(dāng)粗料含量到達(dá)一定的值時(shí)干密度反而隨粗料含量的增加而減小，這個(gè)干密度達(dá)到最大值時(shí)粗料含量為最優(yōu)粗粒含量，不同類型的砂礫石的最優(yōu)粗粒含量大都在70%左右。 （5）試料含水量對(duì)碾壓程度有很大作用，兩者之間有一定的關(guān)系，即在絕對(duì)不含水下外部作功只是克服顆粒間的摩擦力；在顆粒間含有少量的水分時(shí)一部分外部功消耗在水分子之間的粘結(jié)力上；在含水量在最佳值時(shí)水分對(duì)顆粒有潤(rùn)滑作用；但是超過(guò)這個(gè)值時(shí)含水又會(huì)吸收一部分外部功。含水量主要存在于細(xì)料中，但是其起作用的細(xì)料含量在一定的范圍內(nèi)才較敏感，在本文中得到含水量在含砂量較大時(shí)對(duì)碾壓的影響較小。
[Abstract]:Embankment is an important part of water conservancy project, which mainly restrains the river water from scouring the riverbank and protects the safety of people on both sides of the bank. Therefore, it is necessary to make great efforts to evaluate the quality and safety of dike construction. This paper is based on the sand and gravel in the Bahe River. Because there are a lot of sand and gravel on both sides of the river, it provides natural materials for the embankment construction. The sand and gravel materials have the advantages of wide distribution, large reserves, strong drainage, good compaction, and so on. However, its own characteristics determine the heterogeneity and dispersibility of fillers, and the large permeability is not conducive to engineering stability. Based on these characteristics of sand and gravel, it is of great economic and practical significance to make a thorough study on it so that it can be better applied to engineering practice. Based on the laboratory test, the basic properties of sand and gravel are obtained, and the compaction control index of sand and gravel is determined. The field compaction test is carried out on the site of the project, and the reasonable loose spreading thickness and compaction mode of sand and gravel are obtained. The number of rolling times provides the basis for the construction of the project. The results are as follows: (1) the gradation curve of the local sand and gravel is obtained by particle analysis. The curve is slow, the particle size distribution is uniform, and the gradation is good. (2) through the relative density test, the smallest is obtained. The change curve of maximum dry density with sand content obtained the corresponding dry density when the relative density is 0.6. The data are processed by least square polynomial fitting method, and the processed data are verified by engineering practice. It is obtained that the fitting times are 3 to meet the requirements. (3) in this paper, the number of rolling times in construction is determined in combination with field tests, which provides the basis for subsequent construction. Comparing the data of gravel with 50cm and 40cm in different compaction times, it is obtained that the quality and benefit can be satisfied when the degree of 40cm is 6 after loosening. (4) through a large number of test data, it is found that, The dry density increased with the increase of coarse material content (the content of coarse material was small), but decreased with the increase of coarse material content when the content of coarse material reached a certain value. When the dry density reaches the maximum, the content of coarse material is the optimum coarse grain content, and the optimum coarse grain content of different types of sand and gravel is about 70%. (5) the moisture content of the test material has a great effect on the degree of rolling compaction, and there is a certain relationship between them. That is to say, in absolute absence of underwater external work, only the friction between particles can be overcome; when there is a small amount of water among the particles, part of the external work is consumed on the adhesion between water molecules; at the optimum value of water content, the particles are lubricated by water. But above this value water absorbs some of the external work. The moisture content mainly exists in fine material, but the content of fine material is more sensitive in a certain range. In this paper, it is found that the effect of water content on compaction is small when the sand content is large.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV41

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