平原地區(qū)農(nóng)村中小河道生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)集成研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-27 21:12
【摘要】：平原地區(qū)農(nóng)村河道尤其是中小河道、毛細(xì)管河道因人類生產(chǎn)、生活的影響,自然生態(tài)遭到破壞,造成很多負(fù)面影響,突出表現(xiàn)在水質(zhì)嚴(yán)重污染、水量衰減甚至干涸、河床的結(jié)構(gòu)和穩(wěn)定性下降、濱河帶的生態(tài)功能退化、河流生境多樣性及生物多樣性顯著下降、洪澇隱患嚴(yán)重等方面。農(nóng)村河道生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的不容樂觀,加之人們生活水平的提高,居民對(duì)河道的整治要求越來越高,迫切需要加大農(nóng)村河道綜合整治力度,從而改善生活環(huán)境。本文選取典型性的鎮(zhèn)域作為研究區(qū)域,運(yùn)用AHP-綜合指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)法構(gòu)建了以自然結(jié)構(gòu)健康、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康、社會(huì)服務(wù)狀況為準(zhǔn)則層的平原地區(qū)農(nóng)村中小河道診斷體系,并對(duì)蘇州地區(qū)農(nóng)村中小河道生態(tài)問題進(jìn)行了診斷,根據(jù)診斷的結(jié)果,提出生態(tài)護(hù)岸、生態(tài)浮床、生態(tài)濕地、底泥疏浚、生態(tài)補(bǔ)水、溝通水系等生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù),并通過室內(nèi)試驗(yàn),從水質(zhì)理化指標(biāo)、各污染物的降解系數(shù)及浮游生物量三個(gè)方面對(duì)各生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究分析,以此為基礎(chǔ)擬定各生態(tài)修復(fù)方案,如生態(tài)補(bǔ)水、溝通水系及各生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)的聯(lián)合方案等,并對(duì)修復(fù)后的效果進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)和評(píng)價(jià)。論文的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)在構(gòu)建的平原地區(qū)農(nóng)村中小河道診斷體系中,準(zhǔn)則層中生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康、指標(biāo)層中河道生態(tài)需水保證率所占的權(quán)重最大;河道渠化程度、珍稀水生物存活狀況、水資源開發(fā)利用率、水景觀舒適度處于病態(tài)水平;蘇州地區(qū)農(nóng)村中小河道健康總體水平處于亞健康-健康之間,其中自然結(jié)構(gòu)健康、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康、社會(huì)服務(wù)狀況分別處于病態(tài)-亞健康、亞健康-健康、亞健康-健康水平。(2)從水質(zhì)的理化指標(biāo)來看,各代表河段水體的COD和BOD5分別處于25~40mg/L和4.0~9.0mg/L之間,且未治理㧐砌塊護(hù)岸㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸㧐底泥疏浚㧐生態(tài)浮床㧐生態(tài)濕地;DO處于2.0~6.0mg/L之間,且生態(tài)濕地≈生態(tài)浮床㧐底泥疏浚㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸≈砌塊護(hù)岸㧐未治理;NH3-N、TP、TU分別處于0.6~2.4mg/L、0.10~0.35mg/L和5.0~56.0NTU之間,且未治理㧐砌塊護(hù)岸㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸㧐生態(tài)浮床㧐生態(tài)濕地㧐底泥疏浚。(3)從污染物的降解系數(shù)來看,各代表河段水體的KCOD:生態(tài)濕地㧐生態(tài)浮床㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸㧐未治理㧐砌塊護(hù)岸㧐底泥疏浚;KBOD5:生態(tài)濕地㧐生態(tài)浮床㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸㧐未治理㧐砌塊護(hù)岸㧐底泥疏浚;KNH3-N:生態(tài)濕地㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸㧐生態(tài)浮床㧐砌塊護(hù)岸㧐底泥疏浚㧐未治理;KTP:生態(tài)濕地㧐生態(tài)浮床㧐底泥疏浚㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸㧐砌塊護(hù)岸㧐未治理。(4)從浮游生物量來看,代表河段水體的浮游生物種群類別數(shù):生態(tài)浮床㧐木樁+自然護(hù)岸㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸㧐砌塊護(hù)岸㧐底泥疏浚;浮游生物密度:木樁+自然護(hù)坡㧐生態(tài)浮床㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸㧐砌塊護(hù)岸㧐底泥疏浚;Margalef多樣性指數(shù):生態(tài)浮床㧐木樁+自然護(hù)岸㧐生態(tài)護(hù)岸㧐砌塊護(hù)岸㧐底泥疏浚。(5)生態(tài)補(bǔ)水方案中,河道斷面距補(bǔ)水口的距離、補(bǔ)水的時(shí)間、補(bǔ)水的水流方向、補(bǔ)水流量、補(bǔ)水口位置以及補(bǔ)水口的個(gè)數(shù)對(duì)水體的代謝率都有一定的影響。其中,以堯太河閘為補(bǔ)水口,5m3/s為補(bǔ)水規(guī)模(方案1-3)和以石路浜閘、堯太河閘為補(bǔ)水口,2 m3/s和3 m3/s為補(bǔ)水規(guī)模(方案3-7),在補(bǔ)水20h的水體平均代謝率分別為46.3%和51.3%,在補(bǔ)水80h的水體平均代謝率分別為96.9%和97.7%。(6)水系溝通前后各斷面水體的代謝情況有所不同,水系規(guī)劃后河網(wǎng)的整體代謝率高于規(guī)劃前,且水系規(guī)劃前斷頭浜的滯水區(qū)更多,污染物濃度高的區(qū)域更多。如以堯太河閘為補(bǔ)水口,5 m3/s為補(bǔ)水規(guī)模時(shí),水系規(guī)劃前和水系規(guī)劃后在補(bǔ)水20h的水體平均代謝率分別為46.3%和38.1%(7)研究區(qū)域河道的最小生態(tài)需水量和生態(tài)流速分別在1.41~4.05m3/s、0.40~0.54m/s之間;以石路浜閘、堯太河閘和馬莊港閘為補(bǔ)水口,補(bǔ)水流量都為3m3/s時(shí),河網(wǎng)水體流量和流速的平均值分別為1.76m3/s、0.47m/s,滿足河道的生態(tài)需求,對(duì)改善河網(wǎng)的水動(dòng)力及生態(tài)需水量具有良好的效果。根據(jù)各補(bǔ)水方案的流量和流速結(jié)果,建議在選取生態(tài)補(bǔ)水方案時(shí),可從多個(gè)補(bǔ)水口補(bǔ)水,使河網(wǎng)各個(gè)區(qū)域的河道都達(dá)到最小需水量,而補(bǔ)水流量不宜過大。(8)考慮到各生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)的互補(bǔ)性,采用各生態(tài)修復(fù)技術(shù)聯(lián)合方案,修復(fù)9個(gè)月后,與前一年相比,采用生態(tài)護(hù)岸+底泥疏浚聯(lián)合修復(fù)方案后,整個(gè)修復(fù)過程中的COD平均值下降14.6%,DO上升26.1%,BOD5下降21.5%,NH3-N下降18.6%;采用生態(tài)濕地+木樁+自然護(hù)坡聯(lián)合修復(fù)方案后,整個(gè)修復(fù)過程中的COD平均值下降23.9%,DO上升44.1%,BOD5下降26.6%,NH3-N下降20.4%;而采用生態(tài)濕地+木樁+自然護(hù)坡聯(lián)合修復(fù)方案的治理效果最佳,整個(gè)修復(fù)過程中的COD平均值下降23.9%,DO上升44.1%,BOD5下降26.6%,NH3-N下降20.4%。
[Abstract]:The river channel in the plain area is especially the small and medium river. The capillary channel is destroyed by human production and life, and the natural ecology is destroyed. It has many negative effects. It is manifested in the serious pollution of the water, the attenuation of water and even the dry, the decline of the structure and stability of the riverbed, the degradation of the ecological function of the riverside zone, the diversity of river habitats and the living things. The ecological environment of the rural river is not optimistic, and the ecological environment of the rural river is not optimistic. In addition, the improvement of the living standard of the people, the improvement of the river is more and more demanding, and the comprehensive renovation of the rural river is urgently needed to improve the living environment. This paper selects the typical area as the research area. The AHP- comprehensive index evaluation method was used to construct the diagnosis system of small and medium river channel in plain area, which was based on natural structure health, ecosystem health and social service status. The ecological problems of small and medium river channels in Suzhou were diagnosed. According to the results of the diagnosis, the ecological bank, ecological floating bed, ecological wetland and sediment dredging were put forward. Ecological remediation technologies such as ecological water supplement and water system, and the characteristics of ecological remediation technologies are studied and analyzed from three aspects of the physical and chemical indexes of water quality, the degradation coefficient of each pollutant and the amount of plankton. On the basis of this, the ecological remediation schemes, such as ecological water supplement, communication water system and various ecological restoration techniques, are drawn up. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: (1) in the rural middle and small river diagnosis system in the plain area, the ecological system is healthy in the standard layer and the weight of the ecological water requirement of the river channel is the largest in the index layer; the degree of channel channelization, the living condition of rare water biology, and the water resources The development utilization rate, the water landscape comfort level is in the morbid level; the overall level of health of the small and medium river channels in the rural areas of Suzhou is between subhealth and health, of which the natural structure is healthy, the ecosystem is healthy, the social service condition is in the morbid subhealth, subhealth health and subhealth health level. (2) from the physical and chemical indexes of water quality, each of them The COD and BOD5 representing the water body of the river section are between 25~40mg/L and 4.0~9.0mg/L, respectively, and are not treated? Block bank protection, ecological revetment, sediment dredging, ecological floating bed, ecological wetland, DO between 2.0~6.0mg/L, ecological floating bed, sediment dredging, ecological revetment and non control; NH3-N, TP, TU are in 0.6~2.4mg/L, 0.10~, respectively. Between 0.35mg/L and 5.0~56.0NTU, and untreated? Block bank protection, ecological revetment, ecological floating bed, ecological wetland? Sediment dredging. (3) from the degradation coefficient of pollutants, the ecological wetland of each representative River, ecological floating bed, ecological revetment, untreated, block bank, sediment dredging, KBOD5: ecological wetland, ecological floating bed, ecological revetment, and untreated KNH3-N: ecological wetland? Ecological wetland? Ecological revetment? Ecological floating bed? Block bank? Bottom mud dredging? No control; KTP: ecological wetland? Ecological floating bed? Sediment dredging? Ecological revetment? Block bank protection. (4) plankton population category representing river water: ecological floating bed, wooden pile + natural protection Shore? Ecological revetment? Block revetment? Sediment dredging; plankton density: wood pile + natural slope protection? Ecological floating bed? Ecological revetment? Block bank? Sediment dredging; Margalef diversity index: ecological floating bed? Wood pile + natural revetment? Ecological revetment? Block bank? Sediment dredging. (5) the distance from the channel section to the water supplement. Time, water flow direction, water supplement flow, water filling port position and the number of water supplement have a certain influence on the metabolic rate of water body. Among them, the Yao Tai River sluice is used as water supplement, 5m3/s is the water supplement scale (scheme 1-3) and the stone road sluice, the Yao Tai River Gate is the water supplement port, 2 m3/s and 3 m3/s are the water supplement scale (scheme 3-7), and the water replenishing water body is in the water body. The average metabolic rates were 46.3% and 51.3% respectively. The metabolic rate of the average metabolic rate in the water supplement 80h was 96.9% and 97.7%. (6), respectively. The overall metabolic rate of the river network was higher than that before the water system planning. The average metabolic rate of the water system before and after the planning of the water system was 46.3% and 38.1% (7), respectively, when the Yoda river gate was used as a replenishment port and 5 m3/s as a supplement of water. The minimum ecological water demand and the ecological flow rate of the river channel were between 1.41~4.05m3/s and 0.40~0.54m/s, respectively, and the water supplement of the stone road sluice, the Yao Tai River Sluice and the Ma Zhuang Gangzha were supplemented with water. When the flow rate of water is 3m3/s, the average value of flow and flow rate of river network is 1.76m3/s, 0.47m/s, which meets the ecological demand of the river. It has good effect on improving the hydrodynamic and ecological water requirement of the river network. According to the results of the flow and flow rate of the water supplement scheme, it is suggested that the water supplement can be supplementing from multiple water filling ports when the water supplement scheme is selected. Water can make the river course of each area of the river network reach the minimum water requirement, and the flow rate should not be too large. (8) considering the complementation of the ecological restoration technology, the COD average value of the whole restoration process is compared to the previous year after 9 months of restoration of ecological restoration and dredging, compared with the previous year. The decrease of 14.6%, DO rise 26.1%, BOD5 decline 21.5%, and NH3-N drop 18.6%. After the combined restoration scheme of ecological wetland + pile + natural slope protection, the average value of COD in the whole restoration process is 23.9%, DO rises 44.1%, BOD5 is 26.6%, NH3-N decreases 20.4%, and the treatment effect of ecological wetland + wooden pile + natural slope protection scheme is the best treatment effect, and the best treatment effect, the whole treatment effect of ecological wetland + wooden pile + natural slope protection combined restoration scheme is the best. During the repair process, the average COD decreased by 23.9%, DO increased by 44.1%, BOD5 decreased by 26.6%, NH3-N decreased by 20.4%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TV85
[Abstract]:The river channel in the plain area is especially the small and medium river. The capillary channel is destroyed by human production and life, and the natural ecology is destroyed. It has many negative effects. It is manifested in the serious pollution of the water, the attenuation of water and even the dry, the decline of the structure and stability of the riverbed, the degradation of the ecological function of the riverside zone, the diversity of river habitats and the living things. The ecological environment of the rural river is not optimistic, and the ecological environment of the rural river is not optimistic. In addition, the improvement of the living standard of the people, the improvement of the river is more and more demanding, and the comprehensive renovation of the rural river is urgently needed to improve the living environment. This paper selects the typical area as the research area. The AHP- comprehensive index evaluation method was used to construct the diagnosis system of small and medium river channel in plain area, which was based on natural structure health, ecosystem health and social service status. The ecological problems of small and medium river channels in Suzhou were diagnosed. According to the results of the diagnosis, the ecological bank, ecological floating bed, ecological wetland and sediment dredging were put forward. Ecological remediation technologies such as ecological water supplement and water system, and the characteristics of ecological remediation technologies are studied and analyzed from three aspects of the physical and chemical indexes of water quality, the degradation coefficient of each pollutant and the amount of plankton. On the basis of this, the ecological remediation schemes, such as ecological water supplement, communication water system and various ecological restoration techniques, are drawn up. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: (1) in the rural middle and small river diagnosis system in the plain area, the ecological system is healthy in the standard layer and the weight of the ecological water requirement of the river channel is the largest in the index layer; the degree of channel channelization, the living condition of rare water biology, and the water resources The development utilization rate, the water landscape comfort level is in the morbid level; the overall level of health of the small and medium river channels in the rural areas of Suzhou is between subhealth and health, of which the natural structure is healthy, the ecosystem is healthy, the social service condition is in the morbid subhealth, subhealth health and subhealth health level. (2) from the physical and chemical indexes of water quality, each of them The COD and BOD5 representing the water body of the river section are between 25~40mg/L and 4.0~9.0mg/L, respectively, and are not treated? Block bank protection, ecological revetment, sediment dredging, ecological floating bed, ecological wetland, DO between 2.0~6.0mg/L, ecological floating bed, sediment dredging, ecological revetment and non control; NH3-N, TP, TU are in 0.6~2.4mg/L, 0.10~, respectively. Between 0.35mg/L and 5.0~56.0NTU, and untreated? Block bank protection, ecological revetment, ecological floating bed, ecological wetland? Sediment dredging. (3) from the degradation coefficient of pollutants, the ecological wetland of each representative River, ecological floating bed, ecological revetment, untreated, block bank, sediment dredging, KBOD5: ecological wetland, ecological floating bed, ecological revetment, and untreated KNH3-N: ecological wetland? Ecological wetland? Ecological revetment? Ecological floating bed? Block bank? Bottom mud dredging? No control; KTP: ecological wetland? Ecological floating bed? Sediment dredging? Ecological revetment? Block bank protection. (4) plankton population category representing river water: ecological floating bed, wooden pile + natural protection Shore? Ecological revetment? Block revetment? Sediment dredging; plankton density: wood pile + natural slope protection? Ecological floating bed? Ecological revetment? Block bank? Sediment dredging; Margalef diversity index: ecological floating bed? Wood pile + natural revetment? Ecological revetment? Block bank? Sediment dredging. (5) the distance from the channel section to the water supplement. Time, water flow direction, water supplement flow, water filling port position and the number of water supplement have a certain influence on the metabolic rate of water body. Among them, the Yao Tai River sluice is used as water supplement, 5m3/s is the water supplement scale (scheme 1-3) and the stone road sluice, the Yao Tai River Gate is the water supplement port, 2 m3/s and 3 m3/s are the water supplement scale (scheme 3-7), and the water replenishing water body is in the water body. The average metabolic rates were 46.3% and 51.3% respectively. The metabolic rate of the average metabolic rate in the water supplement 80h was 96.9% and 97.7%. (6), respectively. The overall metabolic rate of the river network was higher than that before the water system planning. The average metabolic rate of the water system before and after the planning of the water system was 46.3% and 38.1% (7), respectively, when the Yoda river gate was used as a replenishment port and 5 m3/s as a supplement of water. The minimum ecological water demand and the ecological flow rate of the river channel were between 1.41~4.05m3/s and 0.40~0.54m/s, respectively, and the water supplement of the stone road sluice, the Yao Tai River Sluice and the Ma Zhuang Gangzha were supplemented with water. When the flow rate of water is 3m3/s, the average value of flow and flow rate of river network is 1.76m3/s, 0.47m/s, which meets the ecological demand of the river. It has good effect on improving the hydrodynamic and ecological water requirement of the river network. According to the results of the flow and flow rate of the water supplement scheme, it is suggested that the water supplement can be supplementing from multiple water filling ports when the water supplement scheme is selected. Water can make the river course of each area of the river network reach the minimum water requirement, and the flow rate should not be too large. (8) considering the complementation of the ecological restoration technology, the COD average value of the whole restoration process is compared to the previous year after 9 months of restoration of ecological restoration and dredging, compared with the previous year. The decrease of 14.6%, DO rise 26.1%, BOD5 decline 21.5%, and NH3-N drop 18.6%. After the combined restoration scheme of ecological wetland + pile + natural slope protection, the average value of COD in the whole restoration process is 23.9%, DO rises 44.1%, BOD5 is 26.6%, NH3-N decreases 20.4%, and the treatment effect of ecological wetland + wooden pile + natural slope protection scheme is the best treatment effect, and the best treatment effect, the whole treatment effect of ecological wetland + wooden pile + natural slope protection combined restoration scheme is the best. During the repair process, the average COD decreased by 23.9%, DO increased by 44.1%, BOD5 decreased by 26.6%, NH3-N decreased by 20.4%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TV85
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3 本報(bào)記者 柳s，
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