【摘要】：中亞地區(qū)地處內(nèi)陸干旱區(qū),水資源匱乏,是國(guó)際上水問(wèn)題十分嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)。本文收集了自2000年以來(lái)近15年的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),從文獻(xiàn)數(shù)量、研究機(jī)構(gòu)、研究方法和主要水問(wèn)題等方面,綜述國(guó)內(nèi)外中亞地區(qū)水問(wèn)題研究成果。通過(guò)對(duì)文獻(xiàn)分析得出以下認(rèn)識(shí):1中亞地區(qū)水問(wèn)題是地理學(xué)研究熱點(diǎn)之一,中國(guó)、德國(guó)和美國(guó)等國(guó)家的研究機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展了大量研究工作,主要集中在水循環(huán)過(guò)程對(duì)氣候變化的響應(yīng)和流域水環(huán)境兩個(gè)方面,中國(guó)在跨界河流管理方面的研究成果相對(duì)豐富;2氣溫升高與降水增加是中亞地區(qū)氣候變化的基本特征,受氣溫升高影響,陸地水儲(chǔ)量與河川徑流減小趨勢(shì)明顯,水資源日趨短缺;3不合理的水資源利用方式,加劇了土壤鹽漬化和土地退化,加重了水環(huán)境污染,加大了流域水環(huán)境的壓力;4復(fù)雜的地緣政治使中亞地區(qū)跨界河流管理成為當(dāng)前國(guó)際社會(huì)面臨的重大難題。從已經(jīng)獲得的成果還可以看出,基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)獲取方法、人口—資源—環(huán)境相互關(guān)系分析、氣候—水文—社會(huì)—政治相互作用機(jī)制等將是未來(lái)中亞地區(qū)水問(wèn)題研究發(fā)展的重要方向。
[Abstract]:Central Asia is located in the inland arid region, water resources are scarce, is the international water problem is very serious. This paper has collected 15 years of relevant literature since 2000 and summarized the research results of water problems in Central Asia at home and abroad from the aspects of the number of documents, research institutions, research methods and main water problems. Through the analysis of the literature, we can conclude that the water problem in Central Asia is one of the hot spots in geography research. Many research institutions in China, Germany and the United States have carried out a lot of research work. It mainly focuses on the response of water cycle process to climate change and watershed water environment. China's research results on transboundary river management are relatively rich in temperature rise and precipitation increase, which are the basic characteristics of climate change in Central Asia. Under the influence of higher temperature, the decrease trend of land water reserves and river runoff is obvious, and the irrational water resources utilization mode, which is increasingly short of water resources, intensifies soil salinization and land degradation, and exacerbates water environment pollution. Because of increasing the pressure of water environment in the basin and complicated geopolitics, the management of transboundary rivers in Central Asia has become a major problem facing the international community at present. It can also be seen from the results obtained that the basic data acquisition method, the analysis of population-resources-environment interrelation and the climate hydrology social-political interaction mechanism will be the important directions for the research and development of water problems in Central Asia in the future.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)水科學(xué)研究院環(huán)境遙感與數(shù)字城市北京市重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;新疆大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院綠洲生態(tài)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;北京師范大學(xué)地理學(xué)與遙感科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(U1603241,U1303381,41261090) 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2016YFC0402403,2016YFC0402409)~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV213.4

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