【摘要】：人類的生存與發(fā)展離不開水,同時,水也是不可再生的有限資源。水資源在農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)中起著舉足輕重的作用,同時為城市的發(fā)展提供良好的資源,也為地球上所有生物的生存提供了物質條件。水是城市生存和發(fā)展的先決條件,占據(jù)了極為重要的地位和作用,對城市的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和人口擴大起著決定作用。喀什噶爾河流域地處中國西北部,新疆塔里木盆地邊緣。北部有天山,南部有喀喇昆侖山,西部為帕米爾高原,東部為塔里木盆地。該流域為溫帶大陸性氣候,具有降水少、蒸發(fā)強的特點,此外日照時間較長、溫度日較差大、冬短夏長以及生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱也是該區(qū)域的突出特點。水資源的短缺加之不科學合理的利用,對當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴重破壞。經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與人口變多,使城市的水資源利用日漸緊迫。流域的社會、經(jīng)濟、生態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,嚴重受到了水資源不足影響。文章通過水資源與城鎮(zhèn)化相互作用關系的理論基礎上,分析了喀什噶爾河流域城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的時空特征,構建了該流域城鎮(zhèn)化水平綜合評價的指標體系,分析結果顯示喀什噶爾河流域城鎮(zhèn)化水平綜合得分最高的是喀什市,而流域內整體城鎮(zhèn)化水平不高,高水平城鎮(zhèn)個數(shù)較少,未來流域內城鎮(zhèn)化水平有待提高。同時,在喀什噶爾河流域水資源現(xiàn)狀分析的基礎上,對城鎮(zhèn)化與水資源的利用關系進行量化,建立了喀什噶爾河流域水資源承載力綜合評價指標體系,通過量化分析以及指標客觀賦權,得出水資源承載力水平綜合評分。結果表明:喀什噶爾河流域各縣市的水資源承載力綜合水平都比較偏低,且出現(xiàn)下降的趨勢,其空間差異比較明顯。喀什噶爾河流域產(chǎn)業(yè)結構與用水結構是影響流域水資源承載力水平變化的動力因子,制約著水資源承載力的進一步發(fā)展,同時緩慢提升的用水效益和少量水利設施建設的投資,也為對水資源承載力水平提升產(chǎn)生影響。在分析流域城鎮(zhèn)化水平、水資源承載力水平及其影響因子的基礎上,研究了水資源對喀什噶爾河流域城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)模、產(chǎn)業(yè)結構、空間結構的影響,選擇合理的城鎮(zhèn)化模式,以期實現(xiàn)水資源科學合理使用與城鎮(zhèn)健康發(fā)展,提出了流域內未來城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展應采取:節(jié)水防污型、產(chǎn)業(yè)結構的優(yōu)化型、商貿(mào)樞紐型和生態(tài)型幾種發(fā)展模式及相應的對策。
[Abstract]:Human survival and development can not be separated from water, at the same time, water is also a non-renewable limited resources. Water resources play an important role in agriculture and industry, and also provide good resources for the development of cities, and also provide material conditions for the survival of all living things on the earth. Water is a prerequisite for the survival and development of a city. It occupies an extremely important position and plays a decisive role in the economic development and population expansion of a city. Kashgar River Basin is located in northwest China, Xinjiang Tarim Basin margin. Tianshan Mountain in the north, Karakoram Mountain in the south, Pamir Plateau in the west and Tarim Basin in the east. The basin is a temperate continental climate, with the characteristics of less precipitation and strong evaporation. In addition, the long sunshine time, the large daily temperature range, the short winter and summer length and the fragile ecological environment are the prominent characteristics of the region. The shortage of water resources and unscientific and rational utilization have caused serious damage to the local ecological environment. Economic development and population become more and more, make the utilization of water resource of city day by day urgent. The sustainable development of society, economy and ecology in the river basin is seriously affected by the shortage of water resources. Based on the theory of the interaction between water resources and urbanization, this paper analyzes the space-time characteristics of urbanization development in the Kashgar River Basin, and constructs an index system for the comprehensive evaluation of urbanization level in the Kashgar River Basin. The results show that the comprehensive score of urbanization level in the Kashgar River basin is the highest, but the overall urbanization level is not high, the number of high level towns is small, and the urbanization level in the future will need to be improved. At the same time, on the basis of the analysis of the present situation of water resources in the Kashgar River Basin, the relationship between urbanization and the utilization of water resources is quantified, and the comprehensive evaluation index system of water resources carrying capacity in the Kashgar River Basin is established. Through quantitative analysis and objective weight of indicators, the comprehensive score of water resources carrying capacity level is obtained. The results show that the comprehensive level of water resources carrying capacity of all counties and cities in the Kashgar River basin is relatively low and has a downward trend, and the spatial difference is obvious. The industrial structure and water use structure of the Kashgar River Basin are the dynamic factors that affect the change of water resources carrying capacity level, which restrict the further development of water resources carrying capacity, and at the same time, slowly improve the water use efficiency and a small amount of investment in water conservancy facilities construction. It also affects the level of water resources carrying capacity. On the basis of analyzing the level of urbanization, carrying capacity of water resources and its influencing factors, this paper studies the influence of water resources on the scale, industrial structure and spatial structure of towns in the Kashgar River Basin, and chooses a reasonable urbanization model. In order to realize the scientific and rational use of water resources and the healthy development of cities and towns, this paper puts forward several development modes and corresponding countermeasures for the future development of urbanization in the river basin: water saving and pollution prevention, optimization of industrial structure, trade and trade hub and ecological type.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU984;TV213.4

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