【摘要】：三峽工程為我國帶來了巨大的經(jīng)濟效益,但同時水庫也改變了下游天然的水文情勢,造成如四大家魚等魚類資源急劇下降。為探究水庫運行對四大家魚產(chǎn)卵的影響,根據(jù)洪水脈沖理論,提出與洪水脈沖特征相關(guān)的若干個水文指標(biāo),并根據(jù)這些指標(biāo)對水庫下游宜昌站每年5-7月實際徑流過程進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計,經(jīng)Mann-Whitney U非參數(shù)檢驗后找出產(chǎn)生顯著性變化的洪水平均漲、落歷時等指標(biāo)�；诖私⑺畮於嗄繕�(biāo)生態(tài)調(diào)度模型,根據(jù)歷史洪水規(guī)律在模型中加入洪水脈沖歷時控制方法,計算不同權(quán)重分配下的水庫最優(yōu)發(fā)電效益及洪水最優(yōu)漲落歷時,模型結(jié)果顯著增加了洪水漲落歷時且對發(fā)電效益影響甚微。延長洪水漲落歷時為現(xiàn)階段的水庫生態(tài)調(diào)度提供了一種新的思路,但對四大家魚產(chǎn)卵的實際促進(jìn)作用仍需實踐檢驗。
[Abstract]:The three Gorges Project has brought great economic benefits to our country, but at the same time, the reservoir has also changed the natural hydrological situation downstream, resulting in the sharp decline of fish resources such as the four big fish. In order to investigate the effect of reservoir operation on spawning of four big fish, according to flood pulse theory, several hydrological indexes related to flood pulse characteristics are put forward, and the actual runoff process in Yichang station downstream of the reservoir from May to July is counted according to these indexes. After Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test, the average rising and falling duration of flood were found out. Based on this, the multi-objective ecological regulation model of reservoir is established. According to the law of historical flood, the control method of flood pulse duration is added to the model to calculate the optimal power generation benefit and the optimal flood fluctuation duration of reservoir under different weight distribution. The results of the model significantly increase the duration of flood fluctuation and have little effect on power generation efficiency. Prolonging the duration of flood fluctuation provides a new way of thinking for reservoir ecological regulation at present, but the practical effect of promoting the spawning of four big fish still needs to be tested in practice.
【作者單位】： 華北電力大學(xué)可再生能源學(xué)院;
【基金】：“水資源高效開發(fā)利用”國家重點專項(2016YFC0402200) 長江科學(xué)院開放研究基金資助項目(CKWV2015232/KY)
【分類號】：TV697.1

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