【摘要】：隨著社會的進步與經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,全球對能源的需求量在逐年急劇增長。由于傳統(tǒng)化石能源的過量消耗以及由此產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染問題也越來越嚴重,世界上很多國家已經(jīng)開始對可再生能源如海洋能等相關能源進行研究與應用開發(fā)。其中海洋潮流能以其可預估性、節(jié)約陸地資源、能量密度高等優(yōu)點逐漸成為人們的關注熱點。 本文以15kW新型豎軸潮流能發(fā)電裝置的海上試驗為研究背景,首次提出新型同軸雙轉子豎軸水輪機。圍繞此新型豎軸水輪機,首先對考慮支臂三維效應的單轉子水輪機進行數(shù)值模擬與實驗研究；其次根據(jù)單轉子水輪機的數(shù)值模擬結果提出了改進自啟動性能的雙轉子豎軸水輪機,對該水輪機進行了理論分析、數(shù)值模擬以及實海況海上試驗研究；由于雙轉子水輪機是同軸安裝兩個轉子,盡管提高了自啟動性能,但同時也增加了主軸的疲勞破壞可能性,因此對主軸的疲勞安全可靠性進行了理論分析與數(shù)值仿真研究。論文的主要工作如下： (1)基于直升機旋翼轉子固定渦理論對豎軸水輪機支臂的誘導速度產(chǎn)生機理進行了分析研究；分別建立豎軸水輪機在考慮有支臂和無支臂情況下的三維數(shù)值模型,研究分析了支臂端板效應對葉片表面壓力場隨尖速比的變化,并且對有無支臂存在下的切向力系數(shù)以及能量轉換系數(shù)進行了對比分析�；诟倪M的Realizable κ-ε湍流模型對考慮支臂效應情況下的豎軸水輪機水動力性能進行了三維數(shù)值模擬�？紤]三種不同翼型NACA0012.NACA0015.NACA4415以及圓形截面支臂,分析不同翼型厚度、不同翼型彎度支臂所產(chǎn)生的三維效應對轉矩系數(shù)、能量轉化系數(shù)的影響。針對豎軸水輪機自啟動性能較差的問題,本文首次提出了新型同軸雙轉子水輪機。對新型同軸雙轉子水輪機水動力性能進行了數(shù)值分析研究,重點分析了其自啟動性能,主要包括不同相位差安裝角度對自啟動性能的影響,并通過優(yōu)選給出了最佳安裝角度相位差。 (2)為了更加直觀地獲得考慮支臂效應的豎軸水輪機水動力性能以及驗證數(shù)值模擬方法的可靠性,根據(jù)數(shù)值模型制作了不同類型支臂的豎軸水輪機,在波流水槽內(nèi)進行了模型實驗,通過物理模型實驗對不同類型支臂的啟動性能以及能量轉化效率進行了實驗研究,總結并給出了不同類型支臂水輪機的啟動性能以及穩(wěn)態(tài)轉速。根據(jù)物理模型實驗以及數(shù)值模擬的結果,設計制造了15kW豎軸雙轉子潮流能水輪機并進行實海況的試驗研究。在實海況試驗之前首先基于改進計算精度的Tidal Flow Development(TFD)潮流場數(shù)值模型對大連大小長山島海域進行潮流場的數(shù)值模擬,得到該海域沿水深平均的潮流場分布,結合有效影響因子SIF評估方法對該海域潮流能進行了評估計算;同時針對試驗海域潮流為往復流屬性,提出以平均獲能效率對潮流能進行周期性的能量轉換效率評估方法。 (3)豎軸水輪機主軸承擔著傳遞荷載、支撐葉片等作用,是潮流能發(fā)電裝置的重要構件之一。本文首次提出利用應力修正系數(shù)方法修正材料的SN曲線,使修正后的SN曲線更符合實際構件的應力壽命時程。利用雨流法統(tǒng)計主軸所受到的周期疲勞載荷,并結合Miner線性累計疲勞損傷理論對主軸在額定工況下進行了疲勞特性分析研究。針對主軸會受到潮流往復運動產(chǎn)生的周期力以及與支撐框架和主軸之間相互作用影響,其荷載復雜、失效模式不能顯式表達等問題,作者將基于支持向量機(SVM)的可靠性理論應用到主軸結構的可靠性計算中,對主軸結構體系可靠度的失效概率進行了仿真分析。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the development of economy, the demand for energy in the world is increasing rapidly year by year. The excessive consumption of traditional fossil energy and the resulting environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. Many countries in the world have begun to study and develop renewable energy, such as marine energy, such as marine energy. Ocean tidal power has become a hot topic of concern because of its predicability, saving land resources and high energy density.
In this paper, a new type of coaxial double rotor vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is put forward for the first time with the study of the new vertical axis power flow power generation device of 15kW. Around this new vertical shaft hydraulic turbine, the numerical simulation and experimental study on the single rotor hydraulic turbine considering the three dimensional effect of the arm is first studied. A double rotor vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is proposed to improve the self starting performance. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and sea condition study of the turbine are carried out. The double rotor hydraulic turbine is equipped with two rotor coaxially, although it improves the self starting performance, but also increases the fatigue failure possibility of the spindle, so the fatigue of the spindle is exhausted. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out for safety and reliability of labor.
(1) based on the fixed vortex theory of the rotor rotor of a helicopter, the mechanism of the induced velocity of the arm of a vertical shaft turbine is analyzed and studied. The three-dimensional numerical model of a vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is set up in the case of a supporting arm and a no arm, and the change of the pressure field with the tip velocity of the arm end plate effect on the blade surface is studied and analyzed. The shear force coefficient and the energy conversion coefficient in the presence of the unsupported arm are compared. Based on the improved Realizable kappa - epsilon turbulence model, the hydrodynamic performance of a vertical shaft turbine under the support of the arm effect is numerically simulated. The analysis of three different airfoil NACA0012.NACA0015.NACA4415 and circular cross section branches is considered. In this paper, a new type of coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine is proposed for the first time in this paper. The hydrodynamic performance of a new type of coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine is numerically studied. The emphasis is on the hydrodynamic performance of a new type of coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine. The self starting performance is analyzed, including the influence of different phase difference installation angles on the self starting performance, and the optimum installation angle and phase difference is given through optimization.
(2) in order to obtain the hydrodynamic performance of a vertical shaft turbine which considers the arm effect more intuitively and verify the reliability of the numerical simulation method, a vertical shaft turbine with different types of arm is made according to the numerical model. The model experiment is carried out in the wave flow tank, and the starting performance and the energy of the different types of arm are carried out by the physical model experiment. The experimental research on the efficiency of the quantity conversion is carried out. The starting performance and the steady state speed of the different type branch arm water turbine are summarized and given. According to the results of the physical model experiment and the numerical simulation, the experiment and research of the 15kW vertical shaft dual rotor power flow turbine and the actual sea condition are designed and manufactured. The first based on the actual sea condition test, the improvement meter is based on the actual sea condition test. The numerical model of the Tidal Flow Development (TFD) flow field with precision is used to simulate the tidal current field in the sea area of Changshan island in Dalian. The tidal current distribution along the water depth is obtained. The tidal current is evaluated and calculated with the effective factor SIF evaluation method, and the tidal current is a reciprocating flow in the experimental sea area. This paper proposes an energy conversion efficiency evaluation method based on average energy efficiency.
(3) the shaft of a vertical shaft hydraulic turbine is one of the important components of a power flow power generation device. This paper is first proposed to modify the SN curve of the material by the method of stress correction coefficient, so that the corrected SN curve is more consistent with the stress life time of the actual component. The cycle of the spindle is calculated by the rain flow method. According to the fatigue load and the Miner linear cumulative fatigue damage theory, the fatigue characteristics of the spindle are analyzed under the rated working condition. In view of the periodic force generated by the reciprocating motion of the main shaft and the interaction between the support frame and the spindle, the load is complex and the failure mode can not be expressed explicitly. The author will be the base The reliability theory of support vector machine (SVM) is applied to the reliability calculation of the spindle structure, and the failure probability of the reliability of the spindle structure system is simulated and analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TK730

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