河流型濕地景觀環(huán)境用水閘壩聯(lián)合調(diào)度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 15:38
【摘要】：河流型濕地景觀環(huán)境功能日益受到人們的重視,但水資源短缺和水質(zhì)污染問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重影響其景觀環(huán)境功能的發(fā)揮。本文以北方地區(qū)的蒲河為例,結(jié)合河流型濕地的特點(diǎn),對(duì)景觀環(huán)境用水閘壩聯(lián)合調(diào)度進(jìn)行了研究,通過(guò)對(duì)水利工程科學(xué)統(tǒng)一的調(diào)度,在滿足河道防洪安全下最大程度地滿足社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和景觀環(huán)境的水量需求,同時(shí)使水質(zhì)也能夠得到有效的改善。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下：1.對(duì)河流型濕地系統(tǒng)的組成進(jìn)行了界定,并對(duì)北方地區(qū)河流型濕地在水資源、河道形態(tài)、水源構(gòu)成、水文、水質(zhì)污染和生態(tài)方面的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)地分析,結(jié)果表明北方地區(qū)河流型濕地不同時(shí)期特點(diǎn)差異較大,人為控制特點(diǎn)顯著。2.對(duì)北方地區(qū)河流型濕地景觀環(huán)境需水量的內(nèi)涵及組成進(jìn)行了分析,并根據(jù)不同時(shí)期的河流功能、水文特征和水源構(gòu)成,提出適宜北方地區(qū)河流型濕地的景觀環(huán)境需水量分期計(jì)算方法。以蒲河為例,采用分期景觀環(huán)境需水量計(jì)算方法分區(qū)、逐月對(duì)其景觀環(huán)境需水量進(jìn)行計(jì)算。結(jié)果表明蒲河景觀環(huán)境需水季節(jié)性特征明顯,非消耗性環(huán)境需水量大于景觀需水量,環(huán)境需水量滿足則景觀需水量自動(dòng)滿足,說(shuō)明蒲河生態(tài)建設(shè)并未過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)使用景觀用水。3.利用蒲河上的控制性閘壩及各調(diào)水工程,考慮了再生水、地表水、外調(diào)水等各種水源之間在水量、水價(jià)、工程配套等方面的差異,建立了基于景觀環(huán)境用水的閘壩聯(lián)合調(diào)度模型。通過(guò)現(xiàn)狀年優(yōu)化調(diào)度結(jié)果分析調(diào)度模型的應(yīng)用效果,并通過(guò)模型求解分別得到50%、75%頻率年來(lái)水條件下規(guī)劃年的調(diào)度方案集,考慮源頭水庫(kù)棋盤山水庫(kù)對(duì)景觀水位的需求,從中篩選出3個(gè)方案作為推薦調(diào)度方案。4.利用SWAT模型分別對(duì)蒲河現(xiàn)狀年及50%、75%頻率年來(lái)水條件下規(guī)劃年的各推薦調(diào)度方案進(jìn)行徑流模擬,分析各控制斷面流量對(duì)景觀環(huán)境需求的滿足情況。選取總氮、總磷、氨氮與COD四個(gè)水質(zhì)指標(biāo),分別對(duì)蒲河現(xiàn)狀年及規(guī)劃年各推薦方案進(jìn)行水質(zhì)模擬,分析各調(diào)度方案對(duì)各區(qū)段水質(zhì)的影響及原因,并為調(diào)度方案的優(yōu)選提供依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明：50%頻率年來(lái)水條件下調(diào)度方案實(shí)施后,各控制斷面的景觀環(huán)境需水都能得到滿足；75%頻率年來(lái)水條件下調(diào)度方案實(shí)施后,在保證農(nóng)業(yè)用水破壞深度不大于25%的情況下,各控制斷面的景觀環(huán)境需水也能得到滿足。同時(shí)調(diào)度方案實(shí)施后,各控制斷面的水質(zhì)也能得到一定程度的改善。5.綜合考慮蒲河的景觀環(huán)境和農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉供水功能,充分考慮不同區(qū)段、不同時(shí)段的景觀環(huán)境功能目標(biāo)以及不同生育期缺水對(duì)作物產(chǎn)量的影響,建立了調(diào)度方案辨識(shí)指標(biāo)體系,采用AHP-Fuzzy方法分別對(duì)50%、75%頻率年來(lái)水條件下規(guī)劃年各推薦調(diào)度方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)度辨識(shí),確定最佳調(diào)度方案,并根據(jù)最佳方案制定各閘壩的調(diào)度規(guī)則及各調(diào)水工程的最優(yōu)調(diào)水量和調(diào)水時(shí)程。
[Abstract]:People pay more and more attention to the environmental function of river wetland landscape, but the shortage of water resources and water pollution seriously affect the function of landscape environment. Taking Puhe River in the north area as an example and combining the characteristics of river type wetland, this paper studies the joint dispatch of water gate and dam for landscape environment, and through the scientific and unified regulation of water conservancy project, In order to meet the water demand of social economy and landscape environment, the water quality can be improved effectively. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1. The composition of fluvial wetland system is defined, and the characteristics of river wetland in North China in the aspects of water resources, river channel form, water source composition, hydrology, water pollution and ecology are analyzed systematically. The results show that the characteristics of fluvial wetland in northern China are quite different in different periods, and the characteristics of artificial control are significant. This paper analyzes the connotation and composition of environmental water requirement of river wetland landscape in northern China, and according to the river function, hydrological characteristics and water source composition of different periods, This paper presents a method for calculating the water demand of landscape environment by stages for river wetland in northern China. Taking Puhe River as an example, the landscape environmental water demand is calculated month by using the method of stage landscape environmental water demand calculation. The results showed that the seasonal characteristics of water demand in Puhe landscape were obvious, and the nonexpendable environmental water requirement was larger than the landscape water requirement, and the landscape water requirement was automatically satisfied if the environmental water requirement was satisfied, which indicated that the ecological construction of Puhe River had not overdeveloped and used landscape water. 3. By using the controlling sluice dams and water transfer projects on the Puhe River, the differences in water quantity, water price, project matching and so on between various sources of water, such as reclaimed water, surface water, external diversion water, etc., are considered. Based on landscape environmental water, a model of gate and dam joint operation is established. The application effect of the model is analyzed by analyzing the result of optimal dispatching in current year, and by solving the model, the dispatching scheme set of planning year under the condition of 50% frequency and 75% frequency is obtained respectively, considering the demand of Qipanshan reservoir for landscape water level of source reservoir. Three schemes were selected as recommended scheduling schemes. 4. 4. The SWAT model was used to simulate the runoff of the recommended scheduling schemes in the planning year under the condition of the present situation of Puhe River and the 75% frequency year of Puhe River, respectively, and the satisfaction of the flow of each control section to the landscape environment requirement was analyzed. Four water quality indexes, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and COD, were selected to simulate the water quality of each recommended scheme in the current year and the planning year of Puhe River, respectively. The influence of each scheduling scheme on the water quality of each section and the reasons were analyzed, and the basis for the optimal selection of the dispatching scheme was provided. The results show that the water requirement of landscape environment of each control section can be satisfied under the condition of 75% frequency per year after the implementation of the dispatching scheme under the condition of 50% annual water coming from the frequency of 50% per year. Under the condition that the damage depth of agricultural water is not more than 25%, the landscape environment water requirement of each control section can be satisfied. At the same time, the water quality of each control section can be improved to a certain extent after the implementation of the dispatching scheme. Considering the landscape environment of Puhe River and the function of irrigation and water supply of agriculture, considering the target of landscape environment function of different sections and different periods of time and the effect of water shortage in different growing periods on crop yield, the identification index system of dispatching scheme is established. AHP-Fuzzy method is used to identify the optimal degree of each recommended scheduling scheme in the planning year under the condition of 75% frequency per year, and the optimal scheduling scheme is determined. According to the optimal scheme, the regulation of each sluice dam and the optimal water transfer quantity and water transfer time history of each water transfer project are worked out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TV213.4
本文編號(hào)：2122118
[Abstract]:People pay more and more attention to the environmental function of river wetland landscape, but the shortage of water resources and water pollution seriously affect the function of landscape environment. Taking Puhe River in the north area as an example and combining the characteristics of river type wetland, this paper studies the joint dispatch of water gate and dam for landscape environment, and through the scientific and unified regulation of water conservancy project, In order to meet the water demand of social economy and landscape environment, the water quality can be improved effectively. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1. The composition of fluvial wetland system is defined, and the characteristics of river wetland in North China in the aspects of water resources, river channel form, water source composition, hydrology, water pollution and ecology are analyzed systematically. The results show that the characteristics of fluvial wetland in northern China are quite different in different periods, and the characteristics of artificial control are significant. This paper analyzes the connotation and composition of environmental water requirement of river wetland landscape in northern China, and according to the river function, hydrological characteristics and water source composition of different periods, This paper presents a method for calculating the water demand of landscape environment by stages for river wetland in northern China. Taking Puhe River as an example, the landscape environmental water demand is calculated month by using the method of stage landscape environmental water demand calculation. The results showed that the seasonal characteristics of water demand in Puhe landscape were obvious, and the nonexpendable environmental water requirement was larger than the landscape water requirement, and the landscape water requirement was automatically satisfied if the environmental water requirement was satisfied, which indicated that the ecological construction of Puhe River had not overdeveloped and used landscape water. 3. By using the controlling sluice dams and water transfer projects on the Puhe River, the differences in water quantity, water price, project matching and so on between various sources of water, such as reclaimed water, surface water, external diversion water, etc., are considered. Based on landscape environmental water, a model of gate and dam joint operation is established. The application effect of the model is analyzed by analyzing the result of optimal dispatching in current year, and by solving the model, the dispatching scheme set of planning year under the condition of 50% frequency and 75% frequency is obtained respectively, considering the demand of Qipanshan reservoir for landscape water level of source reservoir. Three schemes were selected as recommended scheduling schemes. 4. 4. The SWAT model was used to simulate the runoff of the recommended scheduling schemes in the planning year under the condition of the present situation of Puhe River and the 75% frequency year of Puhe River, respectively, and the satisfaction of the flow of each control section to the landscape environment requirement was analyzed. Four water quality indexes, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and COD, were selected to simulate the water quality of each recommended scheme in the current year and the planning year of Puhe River, respectively. The influence of each scheduling scheme on the water quality of each section and the reasons were analyzed, and the basis for the optimal selection of the dispatching scheme was provided. The results show that the water requirement of landscape environment of each control section can be satisfied under the condition of 75% frequency per year after the implementation of the dispatching scheme under the condition of 50% annual water coming from the frequency of 50% per year. Under the condition that the damage depth of agricultural water is not more than 25%, the landscape environment water requirement of each control section can be satisfied. At the same time, the water quality of each control section can be improved to a certain extent after the implementation of the dispatching scheme. Considering the landscape environment of Puhe River and the function of irrigation and water supply of agriculture, considering the target of landscape environment function of different sections and different periods of time and the effect of water shortage in different growing periods on crop yield, the identification index system of dispatching scheme is established. AHP-Fuzzy method is used to identify the optimal degree of each recommended scheduling scheme in the planning year under the condition of 75% frequency per year, and the optimal scheduling scheme is determined. According to the optimal scheme, the regulation of each sluice dam and the optimal water transfer quantity and water transfer time history of each water transfer project are worked out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TV213.4
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