本文選題：水位變化 + 消落帶分區(qū)�。� 參考：《生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年16期

【摘要】：水庫消落帶作為重要的生態(tài)交錯(cuò)帶,是深入分析生態(tài)要素內(nèi)在作用機(jī)制的特殊區(qū)域。以華北內(nèi)陸大型水庫——官廳水庫為研究對象,選擇1979—2013年Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI影像作為數(shù)據(jù)源,分析35年來官廳水庫消落帶的消漲特征、時(shí)空分布差異及其變化趨勢,在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行消落帶淹水時(shí)長和淹水頻次的分區(qū)研究,揭示消落帶生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的形成過程。研究結(jié)論如下:(1)近35年來,官廳水庫水位落差較大,達(dá)8.19m,水位變化分為3個(gè)特征時(shí)期:1979—1996年,漲落周期約為4—5a的間歇漲落期;1996—2007年,水位持續(xù)下降達(dá)7.12m的持續(xù)萎縮期;2007—2013年,漲落周期為2 a,且年際變化差穩(wěn)定在0.75m的頻繁漲落期。(2)35年來,官廳水庫水位消漲形成118.31km~2的消落帶,對應(yīng)3個(gè)特征時(shí)期形成消落帶的面積依次為80.20km~2,76.81 km~2和19.89km~2。間歇漲落期形成的消落帶主要分布在永定河河口及平坦的康西草原一帶;持續(xù)萎縮期的消落帶有明顯向西北河岸帶擴(kuò)張的趨勢;頻繁漲落期的消落帶以庫心區(qū)域水位回升為主,面積僅19.89 km~2。(3)1979—2013年,基于淹水累計(jì)時(shí)長的分區(qū)中,消落帶整體上表現(xiàn)為淹水累計(jì)時(shí)長隨邊岸向庫區(qū)中心逐漸遞增的趨勢,25.85%的消落帶淹水時(shí)長不足5a,71.77%的消落帶淹水時(shí)長大于16 a,但隨著淹水時(shí)長減少,消落帶區(qū)域植物旱化現(xiàn)象突出,同時(shí)植被群落蓋度和多樣性降低。淹水頻次分區(qū)中,相同淹水頻次的區(qū)域在空間上離散分布,一次淹水區(qū)面積為32.79km~2,在消落帶中所占比例優(yōu)勢明顯,但累計(jì)淹水時(shí)長差異同樣顯著,分別為2 a和26 a,淹水最為頻繁的消落帶共經(jīng)歷了9次淹水過程;分區(qū)中的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量差異表明,淹水頻次越高越有利于土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的積淀。
[Abstract]:As an important ecotone, reservoir collapse zone is a special area for deep analysis of the inherent mechanism of ecological factors. Based on Landsat MSS / TM / TM / ETM / OLI image of Landsat MSS / TM / ETM / OLI from 1979 to 2013, this paper takes Guanting Reservoir in North China as the research object, and analyzes the characteristics, temporal and spatial distribution difference and its changing trend of the collapse zone of Guanting Reservoir in the past 35 years. On the basis of this, the subdivision study on the duration and frequency of flooding in the declination zone was carried out to reveal the formation process of the ecological structure of the zone. The conclusions are as follows: (1) in the last 35 years, the water level drop of Guanting Reservoir has reached 8.19 m.The variation of water level can be divided into three characteristic periods: 1: 1979-1996, and the fluctuation period is about 4-5 years from 1996 to 2007. The water level continued to decline by 7.12m during the period of 2007-2013, and the fluctuation period was 2 years, and the annual variation difference was stable in the frequent fluctuation period of 0.75 m. (2) in the past 35 years, the water level of Guanting Reservoir has declined to form the 118.31km~2 fluctuation zone. The areas corresponding to the three characteristic periods are 80.20km2 27.81 km~2 and 19.89kmm2 respectively. The fluctuating zones formed during the intermittent fluctuations are mainly distributed in the mouth of Yongding River and the flat grassland of Kangxi, the decline and fall in the continuous shrinking period have an obvious tendency to expand to the northwestern riparian zone, and in the frequent fluctuation period, the water level in the reservoir center is mainly rising. The area is only 19.89 km2. (3) in 1979-2013, based on the cumulative duration of flooding, As a whole, the cumulative duration of flooding is increasing gradually along with the edge bank to the center of the reservoir area. The submergence time of 25.85% of the belt is less than 5a or 71.77% of the submergence zone, but with the decrease of the duration of flooding, the flooding duration of the zone is longer than 16 years. The phenomenon of plant drought is prominent and the coverage and diversity of vegetation community decrease. In the subzone with the same frequency of flooding, the area with the same frequency of flooding was dispersed in space. The area of primary flooded area was 32.79 km2 / 2, which was dominant in the area of the collapse zone, but the difference of cumulative flooding duration was also significant. For 2 years and 26 years respectively, the most frequent submergence zone experienced 9 flooding processes, and the difference of soil organic matter content in the subzone indicated that the higher the flooding frequency was, the more favorable the accumulation of soil organic matter was.
【作者單位】： 三維信息獲取與應(yīng)用教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;資源環(huán)境與地理信息系統(tǒng)北京市重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;北京市環(huán)境保護(hù)監(jiān)測中心;
【基金】：國家國際科技合作專項(xiàng)(2014DFA21620)
【分類號】：TV697

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