本文選題：丁壩 + 作用尺度��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：丁壩是一種常見(jiàn)的涉河建筑物,廣泛應(yīng)用于治河工程、防洪工程、航道整治工程以及河灘圍墾工程中。丁壩作為人類(lèi)施加于河流系統(tǒng)的影響,在一定程度上會(huì)對(duì)河流系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生干擾,為了更好地發(fā)揮丁壩的各項(xiàng)功能,工程實(shí)際中丁壩往往以“群”的形式出現(xiàn)。然而,目前針對(duì)丁壩所開(kāi)展的研究無(wú)論是水流特性還是沖刷機(jī)理更多地著眼于單體丁壩上下游局部河段范圍內(nèi)對(duì)河床或水流的局部影響,而對(duì)由一系列丁壩所組成的丁壩群對(duì)河床及水流的綜合影響和累積影響涉及較少。然而,不同間距下丁壩之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性不同,從而產(chǎn)生的累積影響不同,因此,有必要開(kāi)展丁壩作用尺度劃分的研究。目前,一些涉河工程(如水庫(kù)、電站、堤壩、人工運(yùn)河等)的累積影響研究已經(jīng)開(kāi)展并取得了一定的研究成果,而丁壩作為其中的一種,關(guān)于其累積影響的研究卻鮮有涉及。因此,在丁壩作用尺度劃分的基礎(chǔ)上,開(kāi)展不同作用尺度之下丁壩群累積效應(yīng)機(jī)理的研究具有一定的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)涉河工程群對(duì)河流健康的影響亦有重要的意義。 本文首先在浙江大學(xué)建工試驗(yàn)大廳開(kāi)展水槽試驗(yàn),獲得數(shù)組丁壩群流場(chǎng)的試驗(yàn)資料,隨后,選取三種不同方法求解N-S方程的紊流模型和兩種自由表面處理方法對(duì)丁壩群流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,在綜合考慮模擬精度和模擬時(shí)間的前提下,分別獲得適合非淹沒(méi)丁壩和淹沒(méi)丁壩流場(chǎng)模擬的數(shù)學(xué)模型。在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用數(shù)值水槽定性研究非淹沒(méi)丁壩和淹沒(méi)丁壩作用尺度的劃分準(zhǔn)則,并對(duì)每種劃分準(zhǔn)則的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行定性分析比較,以此建立丁壩群作用尺度概念體系。進(jìn)一步地,對(duì)非淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩和淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩作用尺度進(jìn)行定量化研究,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討不同作用尺度之下非淹沒(méi)丁壩群和淹沒(méi)丁壩群累積效應(yīng)機(jī)理。論文完成的主要工作和取得的成果如下： (1)在水槽試驗(yàn)獲得實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,選取三種紊流模型——標(biāo)準(zhǔn)k-ε模型、雷諾應(yīng)力模型(RSM)和大渦模擬(LES),并且每種紊流模型之下自由表面邊界分別采用剛蓋假定和VOF模型兩種處理方法,將6種數(shù)學(xué)模型分別應(yīng)用于非淹沒(méi)丁壩群和淹沒(méi)丁壩群流場(chǎng)模擬中,綜合考慮模型計(jì)算結(jié)果與水槽試驗(yàn)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)之間的吻合程度以及模型的計(jì)算時(shí)間,得出不同研究目的之下非淹沒(méi)丁壩和淹沒(méi)丁壩流場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬所適合的紊流模型及自由表面邊界條件。 (2)根據(jù)丁壩流場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬模型優(yōu)選的結(jié)論并結(jié)合實(shí)際計(jì)算條件,確定非淹沒(méi)丁壩流場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)k-ε模型和剛蓋假定所組成的數(shù)學(xué)模型,淹沒(méi)丁壩流場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)k-ε模型和VOF模型所組成的數(shù)學(xué)模型,以此作為工具,對(duì)不同間距之下非淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩和淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩的流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行比較分析,提出三種非淹沒(méi)丁壩群作用尺度劃分準(zhǔn)則——基于大尺度渦不相重疊、基于雙丁壩斷面流速分布相似和基于下游丁壩斷面流速分布恢復(fù),通過(guò)對(duì)三種劃分準(zhǔn)則的定性分析比較,分別得出三種劃分準(zhǔn)則的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及適用范圍；同時(shí),提出一種淹沒(méi)丁壩群作用尺度劃分準(zhǔn)則——基于下游丁壩斷面流速分布恢復(fù),通過(guò)定性分析,得出該劃分準(zhǔn)則的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及適用范圍。 (3)通過(guò)量綱分析分別獲得非淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩和淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩間距閾值的影響因素,并據(jù)此擬定數(shù)值試驗(yàn)工況；采用數(shù)值模擬的手段分別開(kāi)展非淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩和淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩作用尺度量化研究,得出三種非淹沒(méi)丁壩劃分準(zhǔn)則之下丁壩間距閾值的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,定量比較三個(gè)公式的計(jì)算結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),基于大尺度渦不相重疊劃分準(zhǔn)則的計(jì)算結(jié)果偏小,后兩者計(jì)算結(jié)果相當(dāng),機(jī)理分析表明,后兩者本質(zhì)相同但適用范圍差異較大,前者是非淹沒(méi)丁壩作用尺度判斷的必要非充分條件；同時(shí),獲得淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩劃分準(zhǔn)則之下間距閾值的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,并進(jìn)一步對(duì)非淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩和淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩間距閾值進(jìn)行橫向定量比較。 (4)最后,以非淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩三個(gè)間距閾值經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式為基礎(chǔ),分別對(duì)三種作用尺度之下非淹沒(méi)丁壩群水流結(jié)構(gòu)、水流時(shí)均流速以及紊流強(qiáng)度等要素的累積效應(yīng)機(jī)理進(jìn)行探討,通過(guò)對(duì)比分析發(fā)現(xiàn),不同作用尺度之下非淹沒(méi)丁壩群水流要素的累積效應(yīng)有所不同,隨著相鄰丁壩間距增大作用尺度增大,累積影響最先消失的是水流結(jié)構(gòu),其次是水流時(shí)均流速,最后是紊流強(qiáng)度；以淹沒(méi)雙體丁壩間距閾值經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式為基礎(chǔ),分別對(duì)兩種作用尺度之下淹沒(méi)丁壩群水面高度、水流時(shí)均流速以及紊流強(qiáng)度等要素的累積效應(yīng)機(jī)理進(jìn)行探討,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著丁壩個(gè)數(shù)的累加,淹沒(méi)丁壩群水面高度和水流時(shí)均流速的累積變化規(guī)律相反并且累積影響同時(shí)消失,而紊流強(qiáng)度仍然是其中最難恢復(fù)的水流要素。
[Abstract]:The dam is a kind of common river - involved building , which is widely used in river engineering , flood control project , waterway regulation project and river beach reclamation project .

In this paper , a flume experiment is carried out in the construction experiment hall of Zhejiang University to obtain the experimental data of the flow field of an array of tees . Then , three different methods are selected to solve the numerical simulation of the flow field of the dike swarm . On the basis of the previous study , a numerical flume is adopted to study the numerical simulation of the flow field of the non - submerged spur and submerged spur dike .

( 1 ) Based on the measured data of flume test , three turbulence models _ standard k - 蔚 model , Reynolds stress model ( RSM ) and large eddy simulation ( LES ) are selected , and six mathematical models are applied to the flow field simulation of non - submerged spur dike and submerged spur dike respectively .

( 2 ) According to the preferred conclusion of the numerical simulation model of the flow field of the dike and combining with the actual calculation conditions , the numerical simulation of the flow field of the non - submerged spur dike is determined by using a mathematical model consisting of a standard k - 蔚 model and a VOF model . The numerical simulation of the submerged spur dike is based on a standard k - 蔚 model and a VOF model .
At the same time , this paper presents a criterion for the scale division of submerged spur dike swarm , which is based on the distribution of the flow velocity distribution of the downstream dam section . Through qualitative analysis , the advantages and disadvantages and application range of this criterion are obtained .

( 3 ) the influence factors of the distance threshold of the non - submerged double dam and the submerged double dam are obtained through dimensional analysis , and the numerical test working condition is developed accordingly ;
The numerical simulation method is used to quantify the effect of non - submerged double - body dike and submerged double - body dike , and the empirical formula of three formulas is obtained . The results show that the calculation results of three formulas are small and the results are quite different . The results show that the former is the same but the application range is different . The former is the necessary and non - sufficient condition for judging the function scale of the non - submerged spur dike .
At the same time , the empirical formula of spacing threshold under the criterion of submerged double - body dike is obtained , and the horizontal quantitative comparison between the non - submerged double - body dike and submerged double - dam spacing threshold is further carried out .

( 4 ) Finally , based on the empirical formula of the three space threshold values of the non - submerged double - body tee dam , the cumulative effect mechanism of the flow structure , the flow velocity and the turbulence intensity of the non - submerged spur dike under the three action scales are discussed . Through the comparative analysis , the cumulative effect of the flow elements of the non - submerged spur dike under different action scales is different .
Based on the empirical formula of the distance threshold of the submerged double - body dike , the cumulative effect mechanism of the factors such as the height of the surface of the submerged spur dike , the velocity of the flow and the intensity of the turbulent flow under the two action scales are discussed . The results show that the cumulative effect of the flow velocity and the cumulative effect of the velocity of the water at the surface of the submerged spur dike are opposite and the cumulative effect disappears along with the accumulation of the number of the dike , and the turbulence intensity is still the most difficult to recover the water flow element .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV863

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