本文選題：西部水電工程 + 傾倒變形體　； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類工程活動(dòng)的日益頻繁及范圍的擴(kuò)大,在國(guó)內(nèi)外的水利水電、礦山、鐵路、公路等方面都出現(xiàn)了大量巖質(zhì)邊坡傾倒變形破壞的現(xiàn)象,如加拿大Frank滑坡、美國(guó)Brilliant開挖邊坡等,國(guó)內(nèi)天生橋二級(jí)水電站南產(chǎn)房邊坡傾倒、金川露天礦邊坡等。傾倒變形是河谷地區(qū)層狀巖質(zhì)邊坡一種典型的變形破壞模式,大量發(fā)育在反傾巖質(zhì)邊坡中,其發(fā)育的載體多為深切河谷的巖質(zhì)高邊坡。伴隨西部水電工程建設(shè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,在復(fù)雜脆弱的地質(zhì)環(huán)境下,涌現(xiàn)出數(shù)量繁多、體型巨大的傾倒變形體,如雅礱江錦屏水電站三灘壩址和水文站壩址左岸、金沙江向家壩馬步坎、清江隔河巖廠房等。巨大的傾倒變形體高懸于樞紐區(qū)或庫區(qū),成為威脅水電工程的重大工程地質(zhì)問題。在此研究背景下,分析西部水電傾倒變形體發(fā)育規(guī)律,建立針對(duì)西部水電傾倒變形體的巖體質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)體系,對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)并解決目前遇到的水電工程邊坡傾倒變形破壞問題,顯得尤為重要。論文針對(duì)西部水電傾倒變形體,以工程地質(zhì)學(xué)、巖石力學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo),運(yùn)用地質(zhì)調(diào)查、理論分析和ArcGIS、數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的技術(shù)方法,主要開展了以下4個(gè)方面的研究工作：(1)統(tǒng)計(jì)文獻(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)的西部水電、礦山、公路工程中,巖質(zhì)邊坡傾倒變形破壞的工程實(shí)例,以中國(guó)行政區(qū)劃圖為參照,分析西部水電、礦山、公路等工程實(shí)例在全國(guó)范圍地理位置的分布規(guī)律,著重分析西部水電等工程實(shí)例在西部范圍地理位置的分布規(guī)律。基于軟件ArcGIS,采用層次分析法,考慮區(qū)域地質(zhì)條件(地貌、地層時(shí)代、地震烈度、構(gòu)造應(yīng)力),針對(duì)西部?jī)A倒變形體進(jìn)行易發(fā)性區(qū)劃評(píng)價(jià)。選擇在西部地區(qū)發(fā)育的,如金沙江、雅礱江、瀾滄江等11條主要河流,基于軟件ArcGIS,采用信息量法,針對(duì)不同河流的傾倒變形體進(jìn)行易發(fā)性區(qū)劃評(píng)價(jià)。該方法研究了不同流域已發(fā)生傾倒變形體的發(fā)育規(guī)律,并深入研究了典型河流內(nèi)上游、中游及下游傾倒變形體的發(fā)育規(guī)律。結(jié)合信息量法分區(qū)結(jié)果,針對(duì)傾倒變形體發(fā)育的各項(xiàng)要素(巖性、坡高、坡角、發(fā)育高程、水平及垂直發(fā)育深度),進(jìn)一步分析了傾倒變形體發(fā)育要素與信息量間的關(guān)系,獲得了不同等級(jí)信息量分區(qū)中傾倒變形體分布特點(diǎn)與發(fā)育要素的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系；(2)通過研究?jī)A倒變形體的傾倒程度強(qiáng)弱特征,提出傾倒變形體彎折帶劃分的定量指標(biāo)。基于懸臂梁模型分析傾倒變形體彎折帶力學(xué)特性,從而為傾倒變形體的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)判定與穩(wěn)定性評(píng)價(jià)提供一定的依據(jù)。在對(duì)目前常見的邊坡巖體質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)體系進(jìn)行適用性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)果顯示水電工程邊坡,特別是發(fā)生平面破壞與楔形破壞的邊坡,CSMR評(píng)價(jià)體系依舊適用。但對(duì)于水電工程傾倒變形體的巖體質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),其適用性已不復(fù)存在。通過總結(jié)西部水電傾倒變形體幾何特征發(fā)育規(guī)律,基于層次分析法進(jìn)行規(guī)律性分析,以CSMR巖體質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)體系為基礎(chǔ),通過修正不連續(xù)面產(chǎn)狀調(diào)整值F3,提出適用于西部水電傾倒變形體的巖體質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)體系QD - CSMR,QD - CSMR = ξRMR — λF1F2F3+F4(RMR、ξ、λ、F1、F2、F4取值要求及范圍與CSMR體系保持一致)；(3)在評(píng)價(jià)目前常見的水電工程巖質(zhì)邊坡巖體力學(xué)參數(shù)取值方法的基礎(chǔ)上,通過確立傾倒變形體所處工程地質(zhì)條件與取值方法,所處工程階段與取值方法的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,細(xì)化傾倒變形體巖體力學(xué)參數(shù)取值。針對(duì)西部水電傾倒變形體,確定巖體力學(xué)參數(shù)的取值思路為：以試驗(yàn)法(室內(nèi)、室外)為基礎(chǔ),初定范圍；以估算法(QD - CSMR、HB準(zhǔn)則)為核心,確定范圍；以經(jīng)驗(yàn)法為補(bǔ)充,校核范圍；(4)以西部某水電站導(dǎo)流明渠邊坡為例,進(jìn)行了傾倒變形現(xiàn)象的研究。通過調(diào)查邊坡的工程地質(zhì)條件,分析其變形破壞特征；利用監(jiān)測(cè)資料,基于克里金插值法,分析了邊坡的位移演化規(guī)律,反演了邊坡變形破壞的整個(gè)過程。通過概化邊坡地質(zhì)模型,基于軟件UDEC,針對(duì)三種不同工況,分析了邊坡的變形破壞特征,揭示了邊坡的變形破壞演化規(guī)律。在上述研究基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合克里金插值法與UDEC分析成果,針對(duì)導(dǎo)流明渠邊坡位移變化特征進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,研究了變形破壞特征時(shí)空演化規(guī)律,分析了變形機(jī)理。最終分析結(jié)論顯示,基于克里金插值法與基于UDEC的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,與導(dǎo)流明渠邊坡的實(shí)際狀況達(dá)到了較好的一致性。本文的創(chuàng)新和特色之處在于：(1)在統(tǒng)計(jì)西部?jī)A倒變形體實(shí)例基礎(chǔ)上,從區(qū)域地質(zhì)角度選取地形地貌、地層時(shí)代、地震烈度區(qū)及構(gòu)造應(yīng)力為要素,考慮河流地理位置,評(píng)價(jià)了我國(guó)西部?jī)A倒變形體易發(fā)性高低,劃分出極易發(fā)區(qū)、較易發(fā)區(qū)、易發(fā)區(qū)、較不易發(fā)區(qū)和極不易發(fā)區(qū),其中極易發(fā)區(qū)主要分布于西南山區(qū),西北及西藏等地少量發(fā)育；(2)針對(duì)西部水電傾倒變形體,以CSMR體系為基礎(chǔ)修正并提出巖體質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)體系QD - CSMR,QD - CSMR = ξRMR - λF1F2F3+F4(RMR、ξ、λ、F1、F2、E取值要求及范圍與CSMR體系保持一致)；(3)從巖體自身性質(zhì)利用角度,提出針對(duì)西部?jī)A倒變形體的工程處理對(duì)策：①改變坡體形態(tài),調(diào)整應(yīng)力分布；②據(jù)坡體Ⅲ、Ⅳ類巖體發(fā)育規(guī)模進(jìn)行置換,改善坡體物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)；③錨固不穩(wěn)定關(guān)鍵塊體,提高坡體穩(wěn)定性；④改良斜坡鎖固區(qū)段特性,提高物理力學(xué)參數(shù)。⑤視傾倒變形體規(guī)模大小,設(shè)置不同截、排水措施。
[Abstract]:With the increasing frequency and scope of human engineering activities, a large number of rock slope toppling and deformation phenomena have appeared at home and abroad, such as the Frank landslide in Canada, the Brilliant excavation slope in the United States and so on, the slope of the southern delivery room of Tianshengqiao two hydropower station and the side of the Jinchuan open pit Slope deformation is a typical deformation and failure mode in the stratiform rock slope in the valley area, which is widely developed in the anti dip rock slope. Most of its development carrier is the high rock slope in the deep river valley. With the vigorous development of the hydropower project in the west, there are a large number of huge tilting in the complex and fragile geological environment. The inverted form, such as the three beach site of Yalong River Jinping hydropower station and the left bank of the dam site of the hydrologic station, the Jinsha River to Jiaba Ma Bukan, the Qingjiang Geheyan workshop, etc.. The huge toppling deformable body is suspended in the hub or reservoir area, and becomes a major engineering geological problem threatening the hydropower project. In this study, the development rules of the hydroelectric dumping deformation body in the West are analyzed. In order to understand and solve the problem of slope deformation and failure of the slope of hydropower project, it is very important to establish the rock mass quality evaluation system for the hydroelectric dumping deformation body in Western China. The technical method combined with numerical simulation mainly carried out the following 4 aspects: (1) an engineering example of the collapse and deformation of the rock slope in the Western hydropower, mine and highway engineering in the statistical literature. With the reference of the Chinese administrative zoning map, the engineering examples of hydropower, mine and highway in the western part of the country were analyzed. The distribution law of the location is emphasized. Based on the software ArcGIS, the regional geological conditions (geomorphology, stratigraphic age, seismic intensity and tectonic stress) are considered based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the development of the western region is selected for the development of the western region. 11 main rivers, such as Jinsha River, Yalong River and Lancang River, are based on the software ArcGIS, using the information method to evaluate the susceptibility of the tilting deformable bodies of different rivers. This method studies the development law of the toppling deformable bodies that have occurred in different rivers, and deeply studies the upper, middle and downstream toppling deformable bodies of the typical rivers. According to the results of the information quantity method, the relationship between the development elements and the information of the tilting deformable body is further analyzed in view of the factors (lithology, slope height, angle, height, level and vertical development depth) of the dump deformation body, and the distribution characteristics and development of the tilting deformable body in the different grade information partition are obtained. The corresponding relation of factors; (2) based on the study of the strong and weak toppling degree of the toppling deformation body, the quantitative index of the bending zone of the tilting deformable body is put forward. Based on the cantilever beam model, the mechanical characteristics of the tilting deformation body are analyzed, thus providing a certain basis for the field determination and stability evaluation of the dumping deformation body. On the basis of the applicability analysis of the slope rock mass quality evaluation system, the results show that the CSMR evaluation system is still applicable for the slope of the hydropower project, especially the plane failure and wedge failure. However, the applicability of the rock mass quality evaluation for the dumping deformation body of the hydropower project has no longer existed. The law analysis is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), based on the quality evaluation system of the CSMR rock mass, and by modifying the adjustment value F3 of the discontinuities, the rock mass quality evaluation system suitable for the hydroelectric dumping deformation body in the west is proposed, QD - CSMR, QD - CSMR = RMR - F1F2F3+F4 (RMR, zeta, F1, F2, F2, F4). And the scope is consistent with the CSMR system. (3) on the basis of evaluating the method of obtaining the rock mass mechanical parameters of the rock slope in the current hydropower project, by establishing the engineering geological condition and value method of the dump deformation body and the corresponding relation between the engineering stage and the value method, the mechanical parameters of the rock mass of the dumping deformation body are refined. Based on the test method (indoor, outdoor), based on the test method (indoor, outdoor), based on the test method (indoor, outdoor), the method of determining the rock mass mechanical parameters is based on the test method (QD - CSMR, HB criterion) as the core, and the scope is determined by the empirical method. (4) the dumping deformation phenomenon is carried out in the diversion channel slope of a hydropower station in the west part of the river. By investigating the engineering geological conditions of the slope, the deformation and failure characteristics of the slope are analyzed. Based on the Kriging interpolation method, the deformation and evolution law of the slope is analyzed based on the Kriging interpolation method, and the whole process of the deformation and failure of the slope is retrieved. Based on the generalized slope geological model, based on the soft UDEC, the slope changes are analyzed for three different working conditions. The deformation and failure evolution law of the slope is revealed. On the basis of the above study, combined with Kriging interpolation method and UDEC analysis results, the characteristics of the slope displacement of the diversion channel are compared and analyzed, the temporal and spatial evolution law of the deformation and failure characteristics is studied, and the deformation mechanism is analyzed. The final analysis results show that Kriging is based on Kriging. The interpolation method and the UDEC based evaluation results have achieved good consistency with the actual conditions of the diversion channel slope. The innovation and characteristics of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of the statistics of the inverted deformation body of the west, the terrain and geomorphology, the stratigraphic age, the seismic intensity area and the tectonic stress are selected from the regional geological perspective, and the River land is considered. In order to evaluate the prone position of the deformable deformable body in the west of China, it has been divided into very easy areas, easy to hair area, easy area, less prone area and extremely difficult area. The most prone areas are mainly distributed in the southwest mountain area, the northwest and Tibet and other places. (2) according to the west part of the hydroelectric dumping deformation body, the CSMR system is based on the correction and proposed. Rock mass quality evaluation system QD - CSMR, QD - CSMR = RMR - RMR - F1F2F3+F4 (RMR, zeta, CSMR, F1, F2, E, range and CSMR system); (3) from the angle of the nature of the rock mass, the engineering treatment measures are put forward: (1) changing the shape of the slope and adjusting the stress distribution; (2) according to the slope body III and IV rock mass The development scale is replaced to improve the structure of the slope body; (3) anchorage the unstable key block and improve the stability of the slope. (4) improve the characteristics of the slope locking section and improve the physical and mechanical parameters. 5.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TV223

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