本文選題：水輪機 + 空蝕��； 參考：《表面技術(shù)》2016年10期

【摘要】：空蝕和沙漿沖蝕是對包括水輪機在內(nèi)的水力機械過流元件產(chǎn)生破壞,進而降低其服役壽命的兩種主要破壞形式。采用特定的工藝在水輪機過流元件基體材料表面沉積涂層,以提高元件的抗蝕性能受到越來越多的關(guān)注。綜述了水輪機常用金屬材料和近年來國內(nèi)外研究人員對水輪機材料及其涂層空蝕和沖蝕失效機理的研究進展,針對國內(nèi)外文獻報道中采用的超音速火焰噴涂、激光熔覆、物理氣相沉積和化學(xué)氣相沉積等工藝制備的涂層的抗空蝕和沙漿沖蝕性能進行了重點論述。依據(jù)材料性質(zhì)對文獻中出現(xiàn)的表面強化材料進行分類,即合金材料、陶瓷材料、復(fù)合材料、金屬玻璃材料和類金剛石材料五類,結(jié)合涂層制備工藝對各類涂層失效機理進行剖析。通過案例重點討論了涂層的微觀缺陷,如孔隙、裂紋、未熔顆粒,涂層的硬度,涂層與基材的結(jié)合強度,涂層的厚度等因素對抗蝕性能的影響。最后對其研究和應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀,從工藝方法和材料兩方面提出了展望,指出運用先進涂層技術(shù)和新型涂層材料制備高效涂層,是解決復(fù)雜多相流條件下空蝕和沖蝕聯(lián)合問題的有效途徑。
[Abstract]:Cavitation erosion and slurry erosion are two main failure modes that destroy hydraulic machinery overflowing elements including hydraulic turbines and thus reduce their service life. More and more attention has been paid to the coating on the substrate of hydraulic turbine overcurrent element by special process to improve the corrosion resistance of the element. The research progress on cavitation erosion and erosion failure mechanism of turbine materials and coatings in recent years is reviewed. The supersonic flame spraying and laser cladding used in domestic and foreign literatures are reviewed. The cavitation corrosion resistance and slurry erosion resistance of coatings prepared by physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition are discussed in detail. According to the properties of materials, the surface strengthening materials appeared in the literature were classified into five categories: alloy material, ceramic material, composite material, metallic glass material and diamond-like material. Combined with coating preparation process, the failure mechanism of various coatings was analyzed. The effects of micro-defects, such as pores, cracks, unmelted particles, hardness of coating, bonding strength between coating and substrate, thickness of coating, on corrosion resistance were discussed. In the end, the research and application status of the coating are discussed. The advanced coating technology and new coating material are used to prepare high efficiency coating, and the prospect is put forward from the two aspects of technology and material. It is an effective way to solve the problem of cavitation erosion and erosion under complex multiphase flow.
【作者單位】： 揚州大學(xué);揚州市職業(yè)大學(xué);
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金(51402255) 江蘇省基礎(chǔ)研究計劃-青年基金(BK20140487)~~
【分類號】：TV734.1

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