本文選題：貫流式水輪機(jī) + 轉(zhuǎn)輪設(shè)計(jì)�。� 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：高比轉(zhuǎn)速可動(dòng)翼貫流式水輪機(jī)適用于3~25m的低落差大流量的水力發(fā)電，作為利用低水頭能源的優(yōu)勢(shì)機(jī)型被重視并正在加緊進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)。我國(guó)沿海地區(qū)工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，區(qū)域電力不足嚴(yán)重，加之潮汐電站的需求，非常希望盡快開(kāi)發(fā)超低落差大流量燈泡貫流式水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組。燈泡貫流式機(jī)組比起其它高水頭發(fā)電機(jī)組尚屬新的機(jī)種，國(guó)外已較多見(jiàn)使用超低落差水輪機(jī)，但真機(jī)形狀基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的較多，，少見(jiàn)理論研究及設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告發(fā)表，現(xiàn)在我國(guó)燈泡貫流式水輪機(jī)組技術(shù)依靠進(jìn)口較多。 本論文在本研究室以往對(duì)三、四、五葉片燈泡貫流水輪機(jī)的CFD計(jì)算結(jié)果和模型試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行兩葉片燈泡貫流水輪機(jī)的研究，力求獲得更高比轉(zhuǎn)速，亦即適用于更低落差更大流量的水力發(fā)電機(jī)組。論文運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)輪翼型公平負(fù)荷設(shè)計(jì)的新理念及方法，通過(guò)對(duì)決定翼型負(fù)荷分布的歐拉能量進(jìn)行控制，使得沿轉(zhuǎn)輪翼型骨線的負(fù)荷分布合理，進(jìn)而獲得葉片諸流線上最佳設(shè)計(jì)角度取得轉(zhuǎn)輪翼型。設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片時(shí)不僅對(duì)每條骨線進(jìn)行目標(biāo)控制，同時(shí)對(duì)整個(gè)葉片骨線間也進(jìn)行綜合考察，以保持其流動(dòng)的一貫性，從根本上力求葉片性能的良好性。綜合控制目標(biāo)還包括：相對(duì)流動(dòng)角的分布、歐拉能量分布、轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片的負(fù)荷變化等。 葉片設(shè)計(jì)完成后進(jìn)行了水輪機(jī)全流道CFD數(shù)值計(jì)算，分析兩葉片貫流水輪機(jī)特別是轉(zhuǎn)輪內(nèi)部的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)，評(píng)價(jià)其性能及特性，比較了水輪機(jī)在大開(kāi)度、小開(kāi)度和最優(yōu)工況時(shí)的內(nèi)部流動(dòng)，分析表明設(shè)計(jì)的水輪機(jī)具有較好的流動(dòng)特性。本研究開(kāi)發(fā)的兩葉片水輪機(jī)數(shù)值仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，新設(shè)計(jì)的兩葉片燈泡貫流式水輪機(jī)具有較好的性能，證明了設(shè)計(jì)的可行性，所取得的研究成果可為優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)及運(yùn)行提供技術(shù)支持。設(shè)計(jì)的兩葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪為可動(dòng)翼轉(zhuǎn)輪，運(yùn)行中葉片可以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角度以適應(yīng)落差及流量的變化。論文用CFD數(shù)值分析的方法成功預(yù)測(cè)了水輪機(jī)活動(dòng)導(dǎo)葉開(kāi)度αG與轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片轉(zhuǎn)角φR的最優(yōu)協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系，得到了水輪機(jī)協(xié)聯(lián)工況曲線，水輪機(jī)在該曲線上的工況點(diǎn)運(yùn)行能取得較高的效率和良好的穩(wěn)定性。而以往協(xié)聯(lián)工況是通過(guò)物理試驗(yàn)來(lái)得到的，需要試驗(yàn)設(shè)備、高額費(fèi)用及大量時(shí)間的支撐才能完成。 論文將設(shè)計(jì)的兩葉片轉(zhuǎn)輪機(jī)組與三、四、五葉片的轉(zhuǎn)輪機(jī)組進(jìn)行比較，探究了不同葉片數(shù)之間貫流式水輪機(jī)性能的差異，力爭(zhēng)完成、完善機(jī)組的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:High specific speed movable wing tubular turbine is suitable for low drop and large flow hydroelectric power generation of 310m. As a superior type of low head energy source, it is being paid more attention to and is being developed intensively. With the rapid development of industry and the serious shortage of regional electric power in coastal areas of China, coupled with the demand of tidal power stations, it is very desirable to develop ultra-low drop large flow bulb tubular turbine generator sets as soon as possible. Bulb tubular turbine is a new type of generator compared with other high-head generating units. Ultra low drop turbine has been widely used in foreign countries, but the real machine shape is designed more based on experience, and few theoretical studies and design reports are published. At present, the technology of bulb tubular turbine sets in China depends on more imports. This paper is based on the CFD calculation results and model tests of three, four and five vane bulb tubular turbines in our laboratory. In order to obtain a higher specific speed, this paper makes an effort to obtain a higher specific speed, which is suitable for hydroelectric generating units with lower drop and larger flow rate. In this paper, the new concept and method of fair load design for runner airfoil are used to control the Euler energy which determines the load distribution of airfoil, so that the load distribution along the bone line of the wing is reasonable. Then the optimal design angle on the blade streamlines is obtained and the runner airfoil is obtained. In the design of runner blades, not only each bone line is controlled by objective, but also the whole blade bone line is investigated synthetically to maintain the consistency of its flow and to strive for the good performance of the blade. The integrated control objectives also include the distribution of relative flow angle, Euler energy distribution, load change of runner blades, etc. In this paper, the flow state of two turbine blades, especially the runner, is analyzed, the performance and characteristics of the turbine are evaluated, and the internal flow of the turbine with large opening, small opening and optimal working condition is compared. The analysis shows that the designed turbine has better flow characteristics. The numerical simulation results of two-blade turbine show that the new design has better performance and proves the feasibility of the design. The research results can provide technical support for optimal design and operation. The two blades runner is movable wing runner, and the blade can be rotated in order to adapt to the change of drop and flow rate. In this paper, the CFD numerical analysis method is used to predict the optimal cocoupling relationship between the turbine guide blade opening 偽 G and the runner blade angle 蠁 R, and the coworking condition curve of the turbine is obtained. High efficiency and good stability can be achieved at the operating point of the turbine on the curve. In the past, the coconnecting conditions were obtained through physical tests, which required the support of test equipment, high cost and a large amount of time. In this paper, the designed two blade runner units were compared with the three, four and five blades runner units. This paper probes into the difference of performance of tubular turbine among different blade numbers, and tries to complete and perfect the system design of unit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TK733.8

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