發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-03 06:14

  本文選題：U形彎道 + 水流特性��； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在河流、河口及港口地帶，幾乎都存在著彎道，研究彎道水流的特性對(duì)河流工程的建設(shè)與運(yùn)行、港口的建設(shè)、河道的防洪設(shè)計(jì)、橋梁的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)、流域的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃以及改善河道的通航運(yùn)行等都具有極其重要的意義。 本文利用物理模型試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算結(jié)合的方法，對(duì)U形彎道水流特性進(jìn)行了研究。物理模型試驗(yàn)方面，，通過(guò)自動(dòng)水位測(cè)量系統(tǒng)及流速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)研究U形水槽彎道段的水位及流速變化情況；數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算方面，運(yùn)用MIKE3軟件并結(jié)合物理模型試驗(yàn)，建立一個(gè)與物理模型相同尺寸的三維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型，用物理模型試驗(yàn)所測(cè)得的水位和流速資料對(duì)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，模型計(jì)算的水位和流速與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果擬合較好，說(shuō)明該三維水流數(shù)值模型可以用于彎道水流特性的數(shù)值模擬研究。 結(jié)果表明： （1）水流由直段進(jìn)入彎道后，凹岸處的水位抬升，凸岸處的水位下降，凹凸岸間的水位差值呈現(xiàn)出先增大后減小的趨勢(shì)。流量的增加使得凹凸岸間的水位差值均增大；水位的抬升使得凹凸岸間的水位差值均減小。 （2）在U形彎道內(nèi)，流速進(jìn)行了重新分布，主流線由凸岸逐漸偏向凹岸。 （3）在底層，水流在流經(jīng)U形彎道時(shí)其主流向偏向凸岸；在中層，水流在流經(jīng)U形彎道時(shí)其主流向與邊界趨于平行；在表層，水流在流經(jīng)U形彎道時(shí)其主流向偏向凹岸。 （4）x、y方向上的流速在垂向上均表現(xiàn)為底層往表層依次增大。z方向上的流速在垂向上表現(xiàn)為：在凸岸處中層z方向上的流速大于底層及表層z方向上的流速；而在凹岸處中層z方向上的流速小于底層及表層z方向上的流速。 （5）在出口處水位不變的情況下，隨著流量的增加，彎道內(nèi)底層、中層和表層處凹凸岸間x、y、z方向上的流速差值均有所增大。 （6）在進(jìn)口處流量不變的情況下，隨著水位的抬升，彎道內(nèi)底層、中層和表層處凹凸岸間x、y方向上的流速差值均有所減��；底層和表層處凹凸岸間z方向上的流速差值減小，中層處凹凸岸間z方向上的流速差值則增大。
[Abstract]:It is very important to study the characteristics of bend water flow to the construction and operation of river engineering , the construction of port , the flood control design of the river , the planning and design of the bridge , the long - term planning of the river basin and the improvement of the navigable operation of the river course .

In this paper , the characteristics of water flow in U - shaped channel are studied by means of physical model test and numerical simulation calculation . In physical model test , the water level and velocity change of U - shaped channel curve section are studied by automatic water level measuring system and flow rate measuring system .
In terms of numerical simulation , using MIKE3 software and physical model test , a mathematical model of three - dimensional water flow with the same size as the physical model is established , and the model is verified by the physical model test . The water level and the flow velocity of the model are fitted well with the test results . The numerical simulation of the three - dimensional water flow numerical model can be used for the curve flow characteristics .

The results show that :

( 1 ) after the water flow enters the curve by the straight section , the water level at the concave bank rises , the water level at the convex bank decreases , and the difference of the water level between the concave and convex banks shows the trend which is decreased firstly , and the difference of the water level between the concave - convex banks is increased ;
the rise of the water level causes the difference in the water level between the relief banks to be reduced .

( 2 ) In the U - shaped curve , the flow velocity is redistributed , and the main flow line is gradually shifted to the concave bank by the convex bank .

( 3 ) at the bottom layer , the main flow of water flows towards the convex bank when flowing through the U - shaped curve ;
In the middle layer , the main flow is parallel to the boundary when flowing through the U - shaped curve ;
In the surface layer , the water flows toward the concave bank mainly when flowing through the U - shaped curve .

( 4 ) the flow velocity in the x and y directions is shown as the bottom layer to the surface layer in the vertical direction , and the flow velocity in the z direction is shown as follows : the flow velocity in the middle layer z direction at the convex bank is larger than the flow velocity in the direction of the bottom layer and the surface layer z ;
and the flow velocity in the middle layer z direction at the concave bank is smaller than the flow velocity in the direction of the bottom layer and the surface layer z .

( 5 ) With the change of the water level at the outlet , the difference of flow velocity in the x , y and z directions at the bottom layer , the middle layer and the surface layer of the curve increases with the increase of the flow rate .

( 6 ) in the case where the flow rate is constant at the inlet , the difference in flow velocity in the x and y directions of the bottom layer , the middle layer and the surface layer of the curve is reduced along with the rise of the water level ;
the difference of flow velocity in the z - direction between the bottom layer and the surface layer is reduced , and the difference of the flow velocity in the z - direction between the concave - convex banks in the middle layer is increased .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV143

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