本文選題：防蒸發(fā) + 塑料空心板�。� 參考：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：水文氣候分別導(dǎo)致內(nèi)陸干旱區(qū)降水量與蒸發(fā)量不平衡，新疆已走入了水資源總量嚴(yán)重匱乏的瓶頸期，水資源成為制約新疆社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)因素。基于新疆水資源總量的嚴(yán)重不足，本文從降低因水庫水面蒸發(fā)而消耗的大量水資源的角度探索如何有效減小水庫水面蒸發(fā)，提高水資源有效供應(yīng)量的節(jié)水新技術(shù)，以新疆昌吉州某水庫為研究對象，擬采用塑料空心板為試驗(yàn)材料進(jìn)行防蒸發(fā)試驗(yàn)研究，，從而達(dá)到平原水庫防蒸發(fā)節(jié)水的目的。 本文通過力學(xué)計(jì)算與材料性能測試優(yōu)選了新型防蒸發(fā)材料——塑料空心板，并選取一定數(shù)量的單板面積為1.5m2、厚度為15cm的塑料空心板，展開為期一年的局部覆蓋平原區(qū)水庫庫面的現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)。采取對比交叉試驗(yàn)，記錄不同布置方式、不同面積大小情況下防蒸發(fā)效果數(shù)據(jù)，通過數(shù)據(jù)整理分析得出，塑料空心板厚度為15cm，板間相互連接式的防蒸發(fā)效果最佳。另外，長期覆蓋防蒸發(fā)材料可以再次檢驗(yàn)材料的抗折、抗凍等性能。通過總結(jié)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，并根據(jù)水面蒸發(fā)影響因子與水面蒸發(fā)量關(guān)系，初步建立了多因子水面蒸發(fā)模型。對水面蒸發(fā)影響因子與水面蒸發(fā)量關(guān)系進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，通過相關(guān)分析，確定模型參數(shù)，進(jìn)而得出適合當(dāng)?shù)厥褂玫乃嬲舭l(fā)模型。并根據(jù)多年資料對新建模型計(jì)算蒸發(fā)量結(jié)果進(jìn)行誤差分析。最后，在新建模型計(jì)算所得蒸發(fā)量基礎(chǔ)上，計(jì)算出新型防蒸發(fā)材料完全覆蓋及局部覆蓋庫面情況下，某一氣象因子作用下防蒸發(fā)材料的有效防蒸發(fā)量，結(jié)果表明，防蒸發(fā)效果良好。試驗(yàn)觀測及數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示：該試驗(yàn)選取的塑料空心板的防蒸發(fā)效果達(dá)到85.7%，對于有效利用內(nèi)陸干旱區(qū)平原水庫水面蒸發(fā)量是有效的，防蒸發(fā)材料的選取是合理的。
[Abstract]:The hydrological climate leads to the imbalance between precipitation and evaporation in inland arid region respectively. Xinjiang has entered the bottleneck period of serious shortage of water resources. Water resources have become the leading factor restricting the sustainable development of society economy and environment in Xinjiang. Based on the serious shortage of the total water resources in Xinjiang, this paper explores how to effectively reduce the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir and improve the effective supply of water resources by reducing the consumption of a large amount of water resources due to the evaporation of the water surface of the reservoir. Taking a reservoir in Changjizhou, Xinjiang as the research object, this paper intends to use the plastic hollow board as the experimental material to carry out the experimental study on the evaporation prevention and water saving of the plain reservoir, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing evaporation and saving water in the plain reservoir. In this paper, a new type of evaporation-proof material, plastic hollow board, is selected by mechanical calculation and material performance test, and a certain number of plastic hollow panels with a veneer area of 1.5m2 and thickness of 15cm are selected. A one-year field test of partially covering the reservoir surface in plain area was carried out. By means of contrast and cross test, the data of anti-evaporation effect were recorded in different arrangement ways and different size of area. The results showed that the thickness of plastic hollow plate was 15 cm, and the best anti-evaporation effect was the type of interconnecting plate. In addition, long-term anti-evaporation materials can be re-examined the material's folding, frost resistance and other properties. By summarizing the experimental data and according to the relationship between the influence factors of water surface evaporation and the water surface evaporation capacity, a multi-factor water surface evaporation model was preliminarily established. Based on the data processing of the relationship between the influence factors of water surface evaporation and surface evaporation, the model parameters are determined by correlation analysis, and then a water surface evaporation model suitable for local use is obtained. According to the data of many years, the error analysis of the calculation results of evaporation by the new model is carried out. Finally, on the basis of the evaporation quantity calculated by the new model, the effective evaporation control capacity of the evaporative material under the action of a meteorological factor is calculated under the condition of complete coverage of the new evaporative material and partial coverage of the reservoir surface. The results show that, The effect of preventing evaporation is good. The experimental observation and data statistics show that the anti-evaporation effect of the plastic hollow plate selected in this experiment is 85.7, which is effective for the effective utilization of the surface evaporation of the plain reservoir in the inland arid area, and the selection of the anti-evaporation material is reasonable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV697

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