發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-29 07:28

  本文選題：渠道防滲 + 保溫防凍脹　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：渠道凍脹破壞是我國(guó)北方季節(jié)性凍土地區(qū)發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)、推廣渠道防滲工程技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵制約因素。本文在分析我國(guó)渠道保溫防凍脹技術(shù)研究及應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)上，系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了渠道凍脹破壞的影響因素，通過分析調(diào)研資料和渠道保溫防凍脹試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，提出了渠道防滲保溫防凍脹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化結(jié)構(gòu)型式，確定了其適用條件和范圍，，建立了基于熱阻等效原理的保溫層厚度計(jì)算公式，并利用試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)公式進(jìn)行了分析驗(yàn)證。主要研究成果如下： （1）通過黑龍江省蛤蟆通灌區(qū)保溫防凍脹試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析，無保溫措施的防滲襯砌渠道，在凍結(jié)期間渠基地溫受外界氣溫波動(dòng)的影響較大，日變幅劇烈，凍結(jié)過程中土層溫度的變幅較快，凍脹量比較大；采用保溫措施的防滲襯砌渠道，在凍結(jié)期間渠基地溫受外界氣溫波動(dòng)的影響較小，變幅較小，變化較平緩，凍脹量較小。表明鋪設(shè)保溫板后具有明顯的保溫作用，可以有效地防止或減弱渠道的凍脹破壞。 （2）提出了渠道防滲保溫防凍脹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化結(jié)構(gòu)模式，包括渠道防滲保溫防凍脹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化結(jié)構(gòu)型式及其適用條件和范圍，認(rèn)為保溫防凍脹措施可以有效的防止或減弱渠道的凍脹破壞，其適用于渠基土質(zhì)為凍脹性土、凍脹破壞較為嚴(yán)重、地下水位低于渠底的季節(jié)性凍土地區(qū)的大中型剛性襯砌防滲渠道，同時(shí)砂礫石、粗砂等非凍脹材料缺少且價(jià)格較高的地區(qū)。 （3）針對(duì)渠道防滲保溫防凍脹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化結(jié)構(gòu)型式，建立了基于熱阻等效原理的保溫層厚度計(jì)算公式，確定了計(jì)算過程中相關(guān)參數(shù)的計(jì)算和選取辦法，并利用蛤蟆通灌區(qū)試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)公式進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證，結(jié)果表明利用該公式的計(jì)算結(jié)果和試驗(yàn)確定的最優(yōu)保溫層厚度基本相符，說明該公式具有一定的合理性和可靠性，能夠適用于東北相似地區(qū)渠道保溫防凍脹設(shè)計(jì)中計(jì)算保溫層厚度時(shí)應(yīng)用，對(duì)渠道防滲保溫防凍脹技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The frost heave of the channel is the key factor for the development of water-saving agriculture in the northern frozen soil area of the north of our country and the extension of the seepage prevention engineering technology. On the basis of the analysis of the research and application of the heat preservation and frost heave technology in our country, this paper systematically summarizes the influence factors of the frost heave damage in the channel, and through the analysis of the investigation data and the heat preservation and anti frost heave of the channels. The test results, put forward the standard structure type of canal seepage prevention and thermal insulation anti frost heave, determine its applicable conditions and scope, establish the calculation formula of thermal insulation thickness based on the principle of thermal resistance equivalent, and use the test data to analyze and verify the formula. The main research results are as follows:
(1) through the analysis of the test results of heat preservation and frost heave in Heilongjiang toad irrigation area, the seepage prevention lining channel without insulation measures, during the freezing period, the temperature of the canal base is greatly influenced by the external temperature fluctuation, the diurnal amplitude is intense, the temperature of the soil layer is fast and the frost heave is relatively large during the freezing process, and the seepage prevention lining channel with the insulation measures is frozen. The temperature of the canal base is less affected by the fluctuation of the outside temperature, the variation is smaller, the change is relatively gentle and the frost heave is small. It shows that the thermal insulation board has obvious heat preservation effect and can effectively prevent or weaken the frost heave damage of the canal.
(2) the standard structure model of canal seepage prevention and thermal protection and frost prevention and frost prevention is put forward, including the structure type and its applicable conditions and scope of the canal seepage prevention, insulation and frost protection, and its applicable conditions and scope. It is considered that the measures of heat preservation and frost protection can effectively prevent or weaken the frost heave damage of the canal, which is suitable for the soil quality of the canal foundation to be frost heaving soil, the frost heave damage is more serious and the groundwater level is more serious. Large and medium rigid lining seepage control channels below the bottom of the canal, and at the same time, sand and gravel, coarse sand and other non frost heave materials are lacking and the price is higher.
(3) in view of the standard structure pattern of anti seepage and frost prevention in the canal, a formula for calculating the thickness of insulation layer based on the principle of thermal resistance equivalence is established, and the calculation and selection of relevant parameters in the calculation process are determined. The formula is verified with the experimental observation data of the toad irrigation area. The results show that the calculation results and tests of the formula are used. The optimum insulation thickness is basically consistent, which shows that the formula has a certain rationality and reliability, and can be applied to the application of thermal insulation thickness in the heat preservation and anti frost heave design in similar areas in Northeast China, and it is of great guiding significance for the further extension of the anti seepage and frost prevention and expansion technology of the canal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV698.26

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