本文選題：調(diào)水調(diào)沙 + 來(lái)水來(lái)沙��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：海岸帶是人類生存和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的前鋒地帶，在全球生態(tài)環(huán)境變化中占據(jù)重要地位。海岸帶的時(shí)空演變規(guī)律分析是研究海岸對(duì)各種人類活動(dòng)響應(yīng)的最基本課題。海岸線的變化在一定程度上往往對(duì)沿海地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重危害，嚴(yán)重阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。黃河尾閭遷徙頻繁，是世界上海岸線變化最快的地區(qū)，生態(tài)環(huán)境極為脆弱。因此，加強(qiáng)海岸線研究對(duì)黃河口地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有現(xiàn)實(shí)而深遠(yuǎn)的意義，對(duì)海岸帶的整體規(guī)劃布局提供一定的實(shí)際參考價(jià)值。 本文以黃河口海岸帶為研究區(qū)域，以3S為主要技術(shù)手段，以1976-2010年黃河利津站的水文數(shù)據(jù)資料和14個(gè)時(shí)段的Landsat衛(wèi)星遙感影像為基礎(chǔ)，采用統(tǒng)計(jì)資料分析與實(shí)踐探討相結(jié)合、定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合的方法，從小浪底運(yùn)行前后黃河口來(lái)水來(lái)沙條件的變化規(guī)律入手，，以黃河口海岸線動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程為主線，科學(xué)地探討黃河來(lái)水來(lái)沙條件與河口海岸線演變的關(guān)系，揭示了調(diào)水調(diào)沙作用對(duì)河口海岸線的影響機(jī)制，進(jìn)而建立了科學(xué)的調(diào)控措施。研究結(jié)果表明： 1976-2010年黃河來(lái)水來(lái)沙量呈逐年減少趨勢(shì)和豐枯水沙交替變化的特征，主要集中在汛期（7-10月），年際波動(dòng)劇烈，年內(nèi)變化呈單峰形式，90年代斷流現(xiàn)象頻繁發(fā)生；黃河口海岸線階段性變化顯著，淤積強(qiáng)于侵蝕，整體以向海推進(jìn)為主，海岸線長(zhǎng)度平均每年增加1.1km，沙嘴向海域延伸0.34km，造陸6.4km2，海岸線形狀趨于簡(jiǎn)單化。 小浪底調(diào)水調(diào)沙作用使黃河汛期始期提前至6月，結(jié)束期延長(zhǎng)至11月，水沙量年內(nèi)分布趨于均勻，但較天然條件下偏少27.4%，72.1%；優(yōu)化了水沙配置，使水沙比和來(lái)沙系數(shù)穩(wěn)定在0.01t/m3、0.01kg·s/m6左右；使黃河口全年保持一定的流量和3000~4000m3/s的洪峰量，有效遏制了斷流的發(fā)生，在一定程度上使泥沙組成明顯粗化。 清水溝流路時(shí)期（1977-1995年），較高的徑流量及輸沙水平使海岸線迅速淤積擴(kuò)張，海岸線長(zhǎng)度每年增加1.63km，沙嘴延伸0.91km，造陸速14km2，海岸形狀趨于復(fù)雜；北汊流路初期（1996-2003年），極少的來(lái)水來(lái)沙量及惡化的水沙配置使海岸線整體呈蝕退狀態(tài)，沙嘴共蝕退3.6km，陸地面積減少69.68km2，海岸線長(zhǎng)度在1999-2003年減少12.57km；調(diào)水調(diào)沙初期（2003-2006年），海岸線淤積強(qiáng)度明顯優(yōu)于天然條件，海岸線長(zhǎng)度平均每年增加4.3km，沙嘴延伸0.9km，造陸28km2，海岸線形狀趨于簡(jiǎn)單，其中，海岸線長(zhǎng)度增速是改道初期的2倍，每?jī)|噸泥沙的沙嘴延伸長(zhǎng)度是改道初期的2.9倍，造陸速率是改道初期的1.34倍；近幾年（2006-2010年），雖有調(diào)水調(diào)沙作用保證黃河不斷流，但較低的水沙量使海岸遭受侵蝕，海岸線長(zhǎng)度平均每年減少2.9km，沙嘴侵蝕1.1km，陸地?fù)p失13.75km2。沙嘴延伸速率受制于水沙比的變化，二者呈比較明顯的一元二次方程關(guān)系：V=-13539r2+576.85r-5.2906（其中，V為沙嘴變幅速率，r為利津站水沙比）；造陸快慢與來(lái)沙系數(shù)呈明顯的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。 由此可見(jiàn)，合理的調(diào)水調(diào)沙可使海岸線朝淤積的方向良性發(fā)展，不合理的調(diào)水調(diào)沙將使河口海岸面臨被蝕退的危險(xiǎn)。通過(guò)調(diào)水調(diào)沙控制利津站水沙比在0.02t/m3左右和來(lái)沙系數(shù)穩(wěn)定在0.01-0.015(kg·s)/m（6即徑流量251億m3、輸沙量3-4億t、含沙量6.34-9.52kg/m3）是海岸線良性發(fā)展的臨界條件。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)分析，2011-2020年北汊沙嘴附近海岸線將進(jìn)一步向海域延伸，南部沙嘴將延續(xù)蝕退狀態(tài)，海岸線整體更趨于平直圓滑，逐漸向動(dòng)態(tài)平衡過(guò)渡。
[Abstract]:Coastal zone is the forward zone of human existence and socio - economic development , and plays an important role in global ecological environment change .

Taking the Yellow River Estuary as the research area , based on 3S as the main technical means , combining with the hydrological data of the Yellow River Lijin Station in 1976 - 2010 and the remote sensing images of 14 periods , the paper adopts the method of combining the statistical data analysis and the practical exploration , analyses the relationship between the sediment condition and the coastal coastline of the Yellow River from the Yellow River Estuary before and after the operation of the Yellow River Estuary , and reveals the mechanism of the influence on the coastline of the Yellow River and further establishes the scientific control measures . The results show that :

In 1976 - 2010 , the sediment yield of the Yellow River is decreasing year by year , which is mainly concentrated in the flood season ( July - October ) , the annual fluctuation is violent , the annual change takes the form of single peak , and the phenomenon of broken flow in the 1990s happens frequently ;
The coastline of the Yellow River Estuary has a remarkable step change , the siltation is stronger than that of the erosion , the whole is promoted to the sea , the length of the coastline is increased by 1.1 km , the sand mouth extends to the sea area by 0.34 km , the land formation is 6.4km2 , and the shape of the coastline tends to be simplified .

During the flood season of the Yellow River from June to June at the beginning of the flood season of the Yellow River , the distribution of sediment in the sediment of the Yellow River tended to be uniform in the end of the flood season of the Yellow River . However , it was 27 . 4 % and 72 . 1 % less than those under natural conditions .
The water - sand ratio is optimized to stabilize the water - sand ratio and the sediment transport coefficient in the range of 0.01 t / m3 and 0.01 kg 路 s / m6 ;
so that the whole year of the yellow river mouth can maintain a certain flow rate and the flood peak amount of 3000 - 4000m3 / s , effectively restrain the occurrence of the broken flow , and make the sediment composition obviously coarse to a certain extent .

In the clear water channel period ( 1977 - 1995 ) , the high runoff and sediment transport increased the coastline rapidly , the length of the coastline increased by 1.63km , the sand mouth extended 0.91 km , the land formation speed was 14km2 , and the coastal shape tends to be complex ;
In the early stage of the North Water Diversion Project ( 1996 - 2003 ) , there are very little water supply to the sand quantity and the deteriorating water and sand configuration , so that the coastline is totally eroded , the erosion of the sand mouth is reduced by 3.6 km , the land area is reduced by 69.68km2 , and the length of the coastline is reduced by 12.57km in 1999 - 2003 ;
During the initial period of water - adjusting and sand - adjusting ( 2003 - 2006 ) , the coastal line siltation intensity is obviously better than that of natural conditions , the average length of the coastline is increased by 4.3 km , the sand mouth extends 0.9 km , the land - forming 28km2 , the shape of the coastline tends to be simple , and the extension length of the sand mouth of each billion tons of sediment is 2.9 times of the initial period , and the land - forming rate is 1.34 times of the initial period of the diversion ;
In recent years ( 2006 - 2010 ) , although the Yellow River continues to flow under the action of water - regulating and sand - adjusting , the average annual decline of coastal lines is 2.9 km , the coastal line length is reduced by 2.9km , the sand mouth erosion is 1.1 km , the land loss is 13.75km2 . The extension rate of the sand mouth is influenced by the change of the water - sand ratio , and the relationship between the two quadratic equations is as follows : V = -13539r2 + 576.85r - 5.2906 ( where V is the change rate of the sand mouth , r is the water - sand ratio of the Lijin station ) ;
There was a significant negative correlation between the velocity of the formation and the sediment transport coefficient .

From this , it can be seen that the reasonable water - adjusting and sand - adjusting can make the coastline face the siltation direction . The unreasonable water - regulating and sand - adjusting will cause the coastal coast to face the danger of erosion . According to the forecast analysis , the coastline near the north branch of the north branch of 2011 - 2020 will be further extended to the sea area , and the southern Sha Tsui will continue to erosion and retreat , and the whole coastline will be more flat and smooth , and gradually transition to the dynamic balance .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV14;P737.1

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