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  本文選題：沙潁河流域 + GSFLOW耦合模型��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：地表水與地下水相互轉(zhuǎn)化是水文循環(huán)的重要組成部分。為了真實(shí)、客觀地反應(yīng)流域內(nèi)水資源的轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律,必須將地表水與地下水聯(lián)合起來進(jìn)行研究。本文利用美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局研發(fā)的地表水與地下水耦合模型GSFLOW,研究沙潁河流域的地表水與地下水的相互作用規(guī)律以及城鎮(zhèn)化與閘壩對沙潁河流域產(chǎn)流量的影響。沙潁河流域位于淮河流域中上游,面積較大,人口眾多,水資源缺乏,人均水資源占有量僅為我國平均水平的1/5,是我國嚴(yán)重缺水地區(qū)之一。近年來,工農(nóng)業(yè)和城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致地表水資源匱乏,水體污染嚴(yán)重,進(jìn)一步制約了水資源的可利用性。為了滿足供水需求,流域內(nèi)大量開采深層地下水,很多地方形成了大面積降落漏斗。因此,亟需加強(qiáng)流域地表水與地下水的統(tǒng)一管理。本研究首先利用1962-1965年的基礎(chǔ)資料對地表水模型進(jìn)行擬合驗(yàn)證,在1964-1965年的模型校正階段,日模擬的Ens值達(dá)到0.72;在1962-1963年的模型驗(yàn)證階段,日模擬Ens亦達(dá)0.64。利用經(jīng)過校正和驗(yàn)證的模型模擬了城鎮(zhèn)化及閘壩修建對沙潁河流量的影響。結(jié)果表明:由于城鎮(zhèn)化率增大,地面不透水面積增加,流域蒸散量和降雨入滲減少,產(chǎn)流量增加;而閘壩使流域徑流量峰值減小,徑流洪峰滯后。閘壩等水工建筑物改變了流域水資源的時空分配,減弱了自然徑流量的波動性,使得水面及其蒸發(fā)增加,河流徑流量減少。城鎮(zhèn)化和閘壩對河流徑流的影響在枯水年尤為明顯。其次,基于研究區(qū)的水文地質(zhì)條件,構(gòu)建了沙潁河流域淺層地下水的概念模型,并利用GSFL0W中的地下水模塊M0DFL0W-2005進(jìn)行地下水流模擬。最后在地表水和地下水模型的基礎(chǔ)上,對耦合模型GSFL0W進(jìn)行擬合驗(yàn)證。模擬結(jié)果表明校正后的模型能夠較好地模擬流域出口斷面處的地表徑流過程以及地下水位的動態(tài)變化,可用來分析沙潁河流域地表水與地下水相互作用規(guī)律。GSFLOW模擬結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)水資源輸入量為降雨量,輸出項包括蒸散發(fā)、地表徑流、地下水定水頭邊界出流,其中地下水通過定水頭邊界排出的水量較少,主要通過蒸散發(fā)和地表徑流排泄。地表徑流包括坡面流、壤中流和地下基流,其中壤中流所占比例最大,坡面流次之,地下基流最小。坡面流一般隨著降雨量的增加而增加,而壤中流和地下基流則相反;土壤區(qū)相對于包氣帶和飽和帶更易受降雨和蒸散發(fā)的影響;地下水向土壤區(qū)的水分排泄隨時都會發(fā)生且波動不大,只在9、10月份對土壤區(qū)有一次較大的補(bǔ)給,而土壤區(qū)對地下水的補(bǔ)給基本上僅出現(xiàn)在每年的7、8月份;研究區(qū)以地下水補(bǔ)給河流為主,但一般在每年6-9月份雨季,大量降雨使得河流水位升高,造成河水對地下水的短暫補(bǔ)給,豐水年河流對地下水的補(bǔ)給增加,補(bǔ)給時間增長,而地下水向河流的排泄量減少。
[Abstract]:The interaction between surface water and groundwater is an important part of the hydrological cycle. In order to reflect the transformation law of water resources in the basin objectively and objectively, the surface water and the groundwater must be combined to study. In this paper, the surface water and ground water coupling model GSFLOW developed by the United States Geological Survey Bureau is used to study the surface of the shying River Basin. The interaction law of water and groundwater and the influence of urbanization and sluice dam on the runoff of the shying River Basin. The shying river basin is located in the middle and upper reaches of the Huaihe River Basin, with large area, large population, and lack of water resources. The amount of water resources per capita is only 1/5 of the average level of our country. In order to meet the demand of water supply, in order to meet the demand of water supply, in order to meet the demand of water supply, a large area of deep groundwater has been exploited in a large number of areas. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the unified management of surface water and groundwater in the basin. 196 2-1965 years of basic data are fitted to the surface water model. In the 1964-1965 year model correction stage, the Ens value of the daily simulation reaches 0.72. In the 1962-1963 year model verification stage, the daily simulation Ens also simulates the effect of the urbanization and the dam construction on the flow of the Sha Ying River by using the corrected and verified model. As the urbanization rate increases, the surface water area increases, the evapotranspiration and rainfall infiltration of the basin decrease, and the runoff yield increases, while the Sluice Dam makes the peak flow peak and the runoff peak lag behind. The water resources distribution of the river basin is changed by the dam and dam, and the fluctuation of the runoff is weakened and the water surface and its evaporation are increased. The river runoff is reduced. The impact of urbanization and dam on river runoff is particularly obvious in the dry year. Secondly, based on the hydrogeological conditions of the study area, the conceptual model of shallow groundwater in the shying river basin is constructed, and the groundwater model of the groundwater module in GSFL0W is used to simulate the groundwater flow. Finally, the surface water and the groundwater model are modeled. On the basis of this, the coupling model GSFL0W is fitted and verified. The simulation results show that the corrected model can well simulate the surface runoff process and the dynamic change of groundwater level at the outlet section of the river basin, and can be used to analyze the interaction law of surface water and groundwater in the shying River basin and.GSFLOW simulation results show the water resources in the study area. The input amount is rainfall, and the output items include evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and the flow of the water head boundary of the groundwater, in which the amount of water discharged through the fixed water head is less, mainly through evapotranspiration and surface runoff. The surface runoff includes the slope surface flow, the middle flow and the underground base flow, among which the proportion of the soil is the largest, the slope is the second, and the surface flow is the largest. The lower base flow is the smallest. The slope flow generally increases with the increase of rainfall, while the soil flow is opposite to the underground base flow, and the soil area is more susceptible to the rainfall and evapotranspiration relative to the air zone and the saturated zone, and the water discharge from the groundwater to the soil area will occur at any time and fluctuates very little. Only in the month of 9,10 there is a large supplement to the soil area. The recharge of ground water in the soil area is basically only in the 7,8 month of each year; the study area is mainly by groundwater recharge rivers, but generally in the rainy season of 6-9 months of each year, a large amount of rainfall makes the river water level rise, resulting in the short supply of water to the groundwater, the increase of groundwater recharge, the increase of supply time, and the increase of supply time in the year of abundant water. The discharge of water to the river is reduced.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P641;P339

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張多純;GSFLOW在沙穎河流域地表水與地下水耦合模擬中的應(yīng)用[D];南京大學(xué);2014年

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本文編號：1895470