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  本文選題：泄洪隧洞 + 龍?zhí)ь^�。� 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：泄洪隧洞是水利水電工程中常見的泄水建筑物型式之一。國內(nèi)外已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)很多由于泄洪洞體型設(shè)計不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致泄水建筑發(fā)生破壞的案例，因此對泄洪隧洞水力特性的研究具有重要的意義。本文利用模型試驗和數(shù)值模擬方法，結(jié)合新疆某水電站深孔和表孔泄洪洞，對泄水建筑物水力特性進行研究，提出通過增加摻氣設(shè)施以達到減蝕的目的，并優(yōu)化摻氣設(shè)施體型。從水力特性和摻氣特性兩個方面，論證了最優(yōu)方案的合理性。主要研究內(nèi)容包含以下方面： （1）利用大比尺水工模型進行不同工況下的泄洪洞過流試驗，確定深孔泄洪洞渥奇段和反弧段空化數(shù)較小極易發(fā)生空化空蝕破壞，需要通過修改泄洪洞體型或者增加摻氣設(shè)施加以優(yōu)化；表孔溢洪洞斜坡段摻氣坎后底空腔回水較為嚴重，需要對摻氣設(shè)施的體型和尺寸進行優(yōu)化。 （2）采用RNG k-ε模型模擬紊流，利用VOF法追蹤自由水面，對設(shè)置摻氣設(shè)施前后共三種方案的深孔龍?zhí)ь^段泄洪洞進行數(shù)值模擬，將數(shù)值計算與模型試驗所得數(shù)據(jù)進行對比分析，證明數(shù)值方法的可靠合理性；并對摻氣設(shè)施體型比較，認為側(cè)向折流器加跌坎方案更優(yōu)，，能夠產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定、足夠長的底空腔長度保護下游。 （3）對摻氣水流進行研究，采用前人試驗研究成果對本文的摻氣模型進行驗證。然后再利用該摻氣模型對深孔龍?zhí)ь^段設(shè)置摻氣設(shè)施的兩種方案進行具體摻氣效果的對比分析，以及對表孔泄洪洞斜坡段上摻氣坎選型進行研究。 （4）在表孔泄洪洞斜坡段摻氣坎選型中，提出挑坎加折流坎組合、凸型差動挑坎加折流坎組合以及凸型差動挑坎加組合折流坎三種類型摻氣方案。根據(jù)模型試驗和數(shù)值計算，對各方案摻氣坎后底空腔形態(tài)、下游水翅情況、近底摻氣濃度沿程分布以及斷面濃度垂線分布進行對比分析，最終確定最優(yōu)方案。
[Abstract]:Flood discharge tunnel is one of the common drainage structures in water conservancy and hydropower projects. There have been a lot of cases at home and abroad which caused the destruction of the drainage structure due to improper design of the flood discharge tunnel, so the study of hydraulic characteristics of the flood discharge tunnel is of great significance. In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of drainage structures are studied by using model test and numerical simulation method, combined with deep hole and surface hole flood discharge tunnel of a hydropower station in Xinjiang. It is put forward that the purpose of corrosion reduction can be achieved by adding aeration facilities and the shape of aeration facilities can be optimized. The rationality of the optimal scheme is demonstrated from two aspects: hydraulic characteristics and aeration characteristics. The main contents of the study are as follows: 1) the large scale hydraulic model is used to carry out the overflow test of the flood discharge tunnel under different working conditions, and the cavitation number of the deep hole flood discharge tunnel is determined to be small and the cavitation erosion is easy to occur in the reverse arc section. It needs to be optimized by modifying the shape of flood discharge tunnel or increasing aeration facilities, and the backwater of bottom cavity after aeration is more serious in slope section of surface hole overflow tunnel, so the shape and size of aeration equipment should be optimized. (2) RNG k- 蔚 model is used to simulate turbulent flow, and VOF method is used to track free water surface. Numerical simulation is carried out for the deep hole dragon flood discharge tunnel with three schemes before and after the installation of aeration facilities, and the data obtained from the numerical calculation and model test are compared and analyzed. It is proved that the numerical method is reliable and reasonable, and compared with the aeration device, it is considered that the lateral deflector with drop bar scheme is better, which can produce a stable and long enough bottom cavity length to protect the downstream. 3) the aeration flow is studied, and the aeration model is verified by the previous experimental results. Then the aeration model is used to compare and analyze the aeration effect of the two schemes with aeration facilities in the rising section of the deep-hole dragon, and the type selection of the aeration sill on the slope of the surface hole flood discharge tunnel is studied. 4) three kinds of aeration schemes are put forward in the selection of aeration ridges in the slope section of the surface hole flood discharge tunnel, such as the combination of the uplift kanga baffle, the convex differential pick-up and the convexity differential pick-up and the combined baffle. According to the model test and numerical calculation, the shape of bottom cavity, the downstream water wing, the distribution of near-bottom aeration concentration along the path and the vertical distribution of cross-section concentration of each scheme are compared and analyzed, and the optimal scheme is finally determined.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV135.2;TV131.6

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