發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-28 00:33

  本文選題：黑河流域 + 水環(huán)境因子分析��； 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著西部大開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施和絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的建設(shè),我國(guó)西北地區(qū)發(fā)展速度不斷加快。由于生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大和人口的快速增長(zhǎng),大量農(nóng)藥化肥殘留和一部分未經(jīng)處理的工業(yè)生活污水排入河流,導(dǎo)致西北地區(qū)的河流水體受到不同程度的污染,水環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為限制西北地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的一大障礙。本文以黑河流域中的10個(gè)小流域(八寶河、野牛溝、北大河、梨園河、紅水河、山丹河、張掖濕地、中游干流、額濟(jì)納河、東居延海)為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)黑河水體進(jìn)行采樣測(cè)定,分析研究影響黑河水環(huán)境的主要污染因子,探討黑河流域的水質(zhì)狀況和富營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況,以期為黑河流域水環(huán)境綜合治理、水資源保護(hù)與可持續(xù)利用提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和理論依據(jù)。本研究取得的主要結(jié)果如下:(1)運(yùn)用主成分分析法和因子分析法對(duì)黑河流域水環(huán)境因子進(jìn)行分析,得出2013年4月份黑河流域水質(zhì)影響因子為pH、氨氮(NH3-N)、總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)、高錳酸鹽指數(shù)(CODMn),7 月份為 NH3-N、TN、葉綠素 a(chl.a)、TP、CODMn,12 月份為 TN、CODMn、NH3-N、TP、chl.a;2014年4月份黑河流域水質(zhì)影響因子為chl.a、TN、CODMn、TP、NH3-N、透明度(SD),7月份黑河流域水質(zhì)影響因子為T(mén)P、chl.a、CODMn、TN、電導(dǎo)率(EC)、NH3-N,12月份為T(mén)N、TP、EC、CODMn、NH3-N、pH;2015年4月份黑河流域水質(zhì)影響因子為pH、NH3-N、TN、TP、EC,7 月份為 TN、NH3-N、CODMn、chl.a、TP,12 月份為 chl.a、CODMn、TN、SD、TP。各種水環(huán)境因子對(duì)黑河水環(huán)境的影響在各個(gè)時(shí)期有一些差別,對(duì)黑河流域水質(zhì)影響最大的因子主要為氮、磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽,氮、磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽含量的變化導(dǎo)致浮游藻類(lèi)和其它有機(jī)物含量的變化,從而對(duì)水體水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的影響。(2)運(yùn)用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)法和BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法對(duì)黑河流域水質(zhì)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),八寶河、野牛溝、北大河、梨園河、紅水河、山丹河、中游干流、額濟(jì)納河流域的水質(zhì)為Ⅱ～Ⅲ類(lèi),水質(zhì)狀況良好;張掖濕地水質(zhì)為Ⅱ類(lèi),主要是由于張掖濕地水生生物量較高,水體凈化能力強(qiáng);東居延海流域水質(zhì)常年為V類(lèi),主要是由于東居延海是黑河流域末端,營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽和污染物富集,造成水質(zhì)狀況較差。運(yùn)用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)法和BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法進(jìn)行水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià),評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果會(huì)有所差別,本研究認(rèn)為BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)評(píng)價(jià)的結(jié)果更為客觀,而且利用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的輸出結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,可以避免灰色關(guān)聯(lián)法那樣“一刀切”的方式,便于更加準(zhǔn)確的分析比較水質(zhì)狀況及其變化。(3)使用綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)法和BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法對(duì)黑河流域富營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),得出八寶河流域平均營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)為42.96,野牛溝流域?yàn)?7.81,北大河流域?yàn)?3.55,梨園河流域?yàn)?3.19,紅水河流域?yàn)?2.99,山丹河流域?yàn)?3.41,張掖濕地為48.54,中游干流為43.56,額濟(jì)納河流域?yàn)?3.60,東居延海流域?yàn)?2.18,東居延海流域的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況為重度富營(yíng)養(yǎng),營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況不容樂(lè)觀,它的總氮指數(shù)很高,其余流域富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化狀況主要以中營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)為主,營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況整體良好。運(yùn)用綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)法和BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法分別進(jìn)行富營(yíng)養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià),評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果差別較大,因?yàn)閷?duì)于黑河這樣的西北內(nèi)陸河流,透明度不能完全反映富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的狀態(tài),使得綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)法的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果偏于保守。使用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法可以去除透明度的影響,相對(duì)于綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)指數(shù)法更加貼近實(shí)際情況。
[Abstract]:In recent years, along with the implementation of the western development strategy and the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt, the development speed of the Northwest China is accelerating. Due to the continuous expansion of the production scale and the rapid growth of the population, a large number of pesticide and chemical fertilizer residues and a part of the untreated industrial sewage water are discharged into the river, leading to the river body in the northwest region. To a different degree of pollution, water environmental pollution has become a major obstacle to the economic and social development in Northwest China. This paper takes the 10 small basins in the Heihe River Basin (the eight treasure River, the bison gully, the north big river, the Liyuan River, the red water river, the Shandan River, the Zhangye wetland, the middle reaches of the river, the Ejina River and the Dong Yan Hai sea) as the research object. The main pollution factors affecting the black river environment are analyzed and studied. The water quality and eutrophication status of the Heihe River Basin are discussed in order to provide the basic data and theoretical basis for the comprehensive treatment of water environment in the Heihe basin and the protection and sustainable utilization of water resources. The main results are as follows: (1) the use of principal components is used. The water environmental factors of Heihe basin were analyzed by analysis and factor analysis. The factors of water quality in the Heihe basin in Heihe in April 2013 were found to be pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), permanganate index (CODMn), NH3-N, TN, chlorophyll a (chl.a), TP, CODMn, December. 2014 April Heihe Basin The influence factors of water quality are chl.a, TN, CODMn, TP, NH3-N, and transparency (SD). In July, the factors of water quality in Heihe basin are TP, chl.a, CODMn, TN, conductivity (EC), NH3-N, December, April. The effects of various water environmental factors on the environment of N, SD and TP. have some differences during each period. The main factors affecting the water quality in Heihe basin are the changes of nitrogen, phosphorus nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus content, which lead to the changes in the content of planktonic algae and other organic matter, and have a corresponding effect on the water quality. (2) use grey customs. The water quality of Heihe river basin is evaluated by combined method and BP neural network method. The water quality of the eight treasure River, wild cattle gully, North Dahe River, Liyuan River, red water river, Shandan River, middle reaches stream, Ejina river basin water quality are class II to III, and the water quality of Zhangye wetland is class II, mainly because of the high aquatic biomass of the wetland in Zhangye and the strong purification ability of the water body; East The water quality of the river basin is V, which is mainly due to the accumulation of nutrients and pollutants in the end of the Heihe River Basin, and the water quality is poor. The evaluation results of the water quality are different by using the grey correlation method and the BP neural network method. The result of this study is that the result of the evaluation of the BP God via the network is more objective, and the BP God is used. Through the analysis of the output results of the network, it can avoid the "one size fits all" method like the grey correlation method, which facilitates more accurate analysis and comparison of the water quality and its changes. (3) the comprehensive nutrition state index method and BP neural network method are used to evaluate the eutrophic state of the Heihe basin, and the average nutrition index of the eight treasure river basin is 42.96. The bison Valley is 47.81, the north big river basin is 43.55, the pear garden river basin is 43.19, the red water river basin is 42.99, the Shandan river basin is 43.41, the Zhangye wetland is 48.54, the middle reaches of the river is 43.56, the Ejina river basin is 43.60, the East reside Sea Basin is 82.18, the nutrition status of the Dong Ju Yan Hai River Basin is severe eutrophication, nutrition status is not optimistic, it is not optimistic, it is not optimistic, it is not optimistic nutrition status, it is not optimistic, it is not optimistic, it is not optimistic nutrition status. The total nitrogen index is very high. The eutrophication status of the other basins is mainly based on the middle nutrition grade, and the nutritional status is good as a whole. The eutrophication evaluation is carried out by the comprehensive nutrition state index method and the BP neural network method respectively. The result is different because the transparency of the northwest inland river flow such as Heihe can not completely reflect the eutrophication. The evaluation results of the comprehensive nutrition state index method are conservative. The use of BP neural network method can remove the influence of transparency, which is more close to the actual situation compared with the comprehensive nutrition index method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV213.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：1813011