本文選題：ICM模型 + 不透水表面��； 參考：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國城市地表徑流大幅度增加,沖刷裹攜大量有機(jī)物、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、懸浮物等污染物進(jìn)入水體,從而引發(fā)洪澇積水、水污染加劇等問題。研究表明,在降雨過程中,不透水表面促進(jìn)地表徑流的形成,地表徑流攜帶著多種污染物最終流入并污染受納水體,所以土地覆蓋類型的改變也是環(huán)境惡化的重要原因之一。因此一種通過源頭分散來維持和保護(hù)場地自然水文功能的城市雨水管理理念低影響開發(fā)(LID,Low Impact Development)越來越被人們重視并使用。城市化進(jìn)程在我國目前經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速前進(jìn)發(fā)展的環(huán)境下愈加快速,為了研究京津冀區(qū)域不透水面積率對流域水文環(huán)境的影響,本文通過對北京、天津及3個河北地級市的2000-2013年城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地及其不透水地表面積率進(jìn)行了調(diào)查分析,應(yīng)用不透水覆蓋概念模型(ICM,Impervious Cover Model),評價對城市流域環(huán)境的影響,對未來城市規(guī)劃給出合理建議。為評價LID技術(shù)對開發(fā)后區(qū)域降雨徑流的控制效果,本文以浙江省嘉興市南湖區(qū)世合小鎮(zhèn)為研究區(qū)域,應(yīng)用i-Tree hydro模型軟件,根據(jù)模擬區(qū)域的土壤類型、地形、降雨量、蒸發(fā)量及土壤覆蓋等基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和徑流污染物濃度監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),針對歷史(2006年)、開發(fā)后未實(shí)施LID和規(guī)劃實(shí)施LID三種情景,通過模擬分析研究區(qū)域內(nèi)雨水徑流總量和污染物負(fù)荷的變化來評估LID技術(shù)的應(yīng)用效果。結(jié)果表明,規(guī)劃實(shí)施LID情景與開發(fā)后未實(shí)施LID情景相比,可削減31.52%的徑流總量;與開發(fā)前相比,僅增加9.96%的徑流總量;徑流量與土地覆蓋類型有關(guān),不透水表面徑流量、年徑流總量與樹木植被呈負(fù)相關(guān),而基流流量和透水表面徑流量與樹木植被呈正相關(guān)。規(guī)劃實(shí)施LID情景相比開發(fā)未實(shí)施LID情景,3種污染物年負(fù)荷總量減少了513.66 kg,其中分別削減了49.85%的TSS負(fù)荷、50.30%的COD負(fù)荷和36.36%的TP負(fù)荷,削減效果明顯。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the urban surface runoff of our country has increased greatly, and the pollutants such as organic matter, nutrients, suspended matter and so on have entered into the water body, thus causing flood and waterlogging, water pollution and so on. The results show that the impermeable surface promotes the formation of surface runoff in the process of rainfall. Surface runoff carries a variety of pollutants and pollutes the receiving water body. Therefore, the change of land cover type is also one of the important reasons of environmental degradation. Therefore, a kind of urban Rain Water management concept, which can maintain and protect the natural hydrological function of the site through the source dispersion, has been paid more and more attention to and used in the development of low impact development (LIDLow Impact development). In order to study the influence of impermeable area ratio of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei on the hydrological environment of the river basin, the urbanization process is becoming more and more rapid under the environment of our country's rapid economic development. In order to study the influence of the area ratio of impermeable water in Beijing, The urban and rural construction land and its impermeable surface area rate in Tianjin and three Hebei prefectural cities from 2000 to 2013 were investigated and analyzed. The concept model of impermeable coverage was applied to evaluate the impact on urban watershed environment. Reasonable suggestions are given for future urban planning. In order to evaluate the effect of LID technology on the control of rainfall runoff in the developed area, this paper takes Shihe Town, Nanhu District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province as the research area, applies i-Tree hydro model software, according to the soil type, topography and rainfall of the simulated area. Basic data such as evaporation and soil cover and runoff pollutant concentration monitoring data were used in this paper. According to the historical (2006) scenarios, LID was not implemented after development and LID was planned to be implemented. The application effect of LID technology was evaluated by simulating and studying the variation of total runoff and pollutant load of Rain Water in the region. The results show that the total runoff volume can be reduced by 31.52% compared with the LID scenario after development, and only 9.96% more than before, and runoff is related to the type of land cover, the surface runoff of impermeable water is related to the type of land cover. The total annual runoff is negatively correlated with the vegetation, while the basal flow and the surface runoff are positively correlated with the vegetation. Compared with the LID scenario, the total annual load of the three pollutants was reduced by 513.66 kg, in which 49.85% of the TSS load was reduced by 50.30% of the COD load and 36.36% of the TP load was reduced respectively, and the reduction effect was obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TU992;TV213.9

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