發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-23 14:03

  本文選題：水庫淤積 + 灘庫容恢復(fù)　； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中,水庫在防洪、發(fā)電、供水、航運(yùn)等方面為人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。庫容是水庫發(fā)揮各種效益的最直接保障,然而,在河流上修建水庫后,由于水位抬高,流速減小,必然造成泥沙在水庫中的淤積,直接導(dǎo)致了庫容的損失。隨著水庫有利的優(yōu)化調(diào)度,河槽庫容不會(huì)有太大變化,但灘地庫容損失后極難恢復(fù),出現(xiàn)了“死灘活槽”、“淤積一大片,沖刷一條線”的現(xiàn)象,機(jī)械清淤及管道排沙由于費(fèi)用較高、工程量大、過于消耗人力物力等原因?qū)謴?fù)水庫庫容的意義不大,因此探尋有效的灘庫容恢復(fù)途徑、針對(duì)灘庫容的損失進(jìn)行研究就顯得十分必要。 本文基于概化水庫的灘庫容恢復(fù)試驗(yàn),采用沖刷槽清淤、埋管水壓滲透清淤以及埋管氣壓滲透清淤三種不同方法對(duì)灘庫容的恢復(fù)機(jī)理進(jìn)行了初步研究,主要工作內(nèi)容和研究成果有： (1)利用概化水槽系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了淤積體的塑造試驗(yàn),不僅驗(yàn)證了選定的流量和尾水,還給之后的灘庫容恢復(fù)試驗(yàn)提供了原始沖刷地形,為研究灘庫容的恢復(fù)機(jī)理奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。 (2)沖沙槽方案只能依靠水流拖拽力使槽兩側(cè)泥沙起動(dòng),沖刷過程緩慢。埋管氣壓滲透方案能使泥沙顆粒起動(dòng),但其不能使邊灘淤泥向主槽移動(dòng)且清淤范圍較小。這兩種方案均不能使灘庫容有效的恢復(fù)。 (3)提出了一種將槽孔管預(yù)埋在水下淤積物底層使泥沙加壓液化的輸沙方法——埋管水壓滲透。壓力水流通過滲透孔使泥沙液化并整體向上起動(dòng),高灘淤泥向主槽方向移動(dòng)再加上兩側(cè)休止角上方泥沙的崩塌液化作用,最終在管道上方形成順管道線的三角形輸沙橫斷面,達(dá)到阻斷河床淤積以及灘庫容恢復(fù)的目的。 (4)通過試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：壓力水流進(jìn)入上下開孔的槽孔管后,邊灘泥沙整體向上起動(dòng)而后向主槽移動(dòng),試驗(yàn)初段清淤極為明顯；壓力水流進(jìn)入左右開孔的槽孔管后,靠近主槽的邊坡泥沙最先落回主槽,而后邊坡逐漸崩塌向高灘蔓延,輸沙斷面慢慢擴(kuò)大。 (5)最后對(duì)沖刷地形進(jìn)行測(cè)量,發(fā)現(xiàn)8mm孔徑的槽孔管清淤效果最佳,這說明滲透孔的孔徑大小是影響灘庫容恢復(fù)效果的關(guān)鍵因素,上下開孔的槽孔管其沖刷深度好于左右開孔。
[Abstract]:In modern society, reservoirs have made great contributions to the development of human society in flood control, power generation, water supply and shipping. The reservoir capacity is the most direct guarantee for the reservoir to exert all kinds of benefits. However, after the reservoir is built on the river, because of the elevation of the water level and the decrease of the velocity of velocity, the siltation of the sediment in the reservoir is inevitable, which directly results in the loss of the reservoir capacity. With the favorable optimal operation of the reservoir, the reservoir capacity of the channel will not change much, but it is extremely difficult to recover after the loss of the reservoir capacity in the beach. The phenomenon of "dead beach living trough", "silting up a large area of sediment, scouring a line" appears. Mechanical silt cleaning and pipeline sand removal are of little significance for restoring reservoir capacity due to high cost, large engineering volume and excessive consumption of manpower and material resources. Therefore, an effective way to restore beach and reservoir capacity is explored. It is necessary to study the loss of beach and reservoir capacity. Based on the reservoir capacity restoration test of the generalizable reservoir, the restoration mechanism of beach reservoir capacity is preliminarily studied by three different methods, namely, scour trough, buried pipe hydraulic infiltration and buried pipe pressure. The main work and research findings are as follows: 1) the silt shaping test is carried out by using the generalized flume system, which not only verifies the selected discharge and tail water, but also provides the original scour terrain for the subsequent beach and reservoir recovery test, which lays a good foundation for the study of the restoration mechanism of the beach reservoir capacity. 2) the sand flushing trough can only be started by the drag force of water flow, and the scour process is slow. The barometric permeation scheme of buried pipe can start the sediment particles, but it can not make the silt move to the main channel and the range of desilting is small. Neither of these two schemes can effectively restore the beach and reservoir. In this paper, a method of sand transport, i.e., water pressure permeation, is presented, in which the channel pipe is preburied at the bottom of the silt and the sediment is liquefied under pressure. The pressure flow makes the silt liquefy through the permeation hole and starts up as a whole. The high beach silt moves towards the main channel and the collapse and liquefaction of the sediment above the two sides of the angle of repose, and finally forms a triangular cross section of sediment transport along the pipeline line above the pipeline. To achieve the purpose of blocking the deposition of the river bed and the restoration of the beach and reservoir capacity. Through the experimental observation, we find that after the pressure flow enters the trough pipe with the upper and lower holes, the silt starts upward and moves backward to the main channel, and the silt clearing is very obvious in the early section of the test, and the pressure flow enters the channel pipe with the left and right holes. The sediment of the slope near the main channel first falls back to the main channel, and then the slope collapses and spreads to the high beach, and the sediment transport section expands slowly. Finally, the scour topography is measured and it is found that the channel pipe with 8mm aperture has the best silt cleaning effect, which indicates that the pore size of the permeable hole is the key factor affecting the recovery effect of the beach reservoir capacity, and the scour depth of the trough pipe with the upper and lower holes is better than that of the left and right holes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV697.31

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