本文選題：可拓理論 + 水資源承載力��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：黑龍江省域內(nèi)水系發(fā)達(dá),是我國重要的糧食生產(chǎn)基地,擔(dān)負(fù)著保障國家糧食安全的重任。近年來,糧食生產(chǎn)取得巨大成就,但隨著人口快速增長、生活水平提高和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展,水資源的短缺已成為制約我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展的瓶頸,省內(nèi)部分地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了地下水水位下降、地下水超采現(xiàn)象、生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞等問題。針對黑龍江省水資源開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀,本文以實現(xiàn)黑龍江水資源可持續(xù)利用為指導(dǎo)理念,對各行政區(qū)進(jìn)行水資源承載力等級評價,同時針對水資源承載力處于弱壓力狀態(tài)的佳木斯地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)用水進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化配置,為黑龍江省各行政區(qū)水資源的可持續(xù)性開采利用及佳木斯農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉水量的分配提供了一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)基于黑龍江省水資源開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀和水利工程現(xiàn)狀,通過查閱整合文獻(xiàn)資料,比選研究方法。根據(jù)信息熵理論和可拓學(xué)理論建立了水資源承載力評價模型,構(gòu)建水資源承載力評價體系提出與黑龍江省相符合的水資源承載力評價指標(biāo),對13個行政區(qū)的水資源承載力進(jìn)行研究,分析計算得出各行政區(qū)的水資源承載力的綜合關(guān)聯(lián)度可確定其評價等級。牡丹江、黑河及大興安嶺地區(qū)水資源承載力最佳,處于Ⅰ級,為強無壓力狀態(tài);大慶和伊春處于Ⅱ級,為弱無壓力狀態(tài);哈爾濱和七臺河處于Ⅲ級,水資源開發(fā)利用與社會發(fā)展處于平衡的狀態(tài);佳木斯、齊齊哈爾、雞西、鶴崗、雙鴨山及綏化處于Ⅳ級,為弱壓力狀態(tài)。其中,佳木斯、齊齊哈爾、雞西、鶴崗、雙鴨山及綏化等地區(qū)的水資源承載力均處于相同的等級,根據(jù)其等級變量特征值,可知這六個行政區(qū)的水資源承載力均是偏向于Ⅲ級的狀態(tài),偏向程度的大小是:綏化齊齊哈爾佳木斯雞西雙鴨山鶴崗,表明了這六個行政區(qū)的水資源在承載力處于弱壓力狀態(tài)下的開發(fā)潛力的大小。(2)以黑龍江省三江平原糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)佳木斯市農(nóng)業(yè)用水為例,建立了基于帶精英策略的快速非支配排序遺傳算法NSGA-Ⅱ(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-Ⅱ)多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化配置模型,提出了在不同來水情景下多水源對多農(nóng)作物供水的方法。運用NSGA-Ⅱ?qū)Χ嗄繕?biāo)優(yōu)化配置模型求解,計算得出三種來水情況下不同水源對不同農(nóng)作物的多個供水方案,選取三個方案權(quán)衡分析經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)和環(huán)境目標(biāo),高來水情景中方案一的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)是8.888×109元,環(huán)境目標(biāo)是5.881×106 kg,方案二分別是8.80×109元和5.805×106 kg,方案三分別是8.556×109元和5.745×106 kg,決策者可根據(jù)偏好或?qū)嶋H情況選擇合適的方案作為決策方案,可為當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)水資源規(guī)劃提供依據(jù)。該模型考慮了地表水與地下水的聯(lián)合調(diào)度,實現(xiàn)了多水源對多農(nóng)作物的聯(lián)合供水,得到不同來水情況下多水源對多農(nóng)作物的多個供水方案�？傊�,本文基于熵權(quán)物元可拓模型確定了各行政區(qū)的水資源承載力等級,全面地反映了各行政區(qū)水資源承載力等級及區(qū)域性差異,對黑龍江省各行政區(qū)水資源的總體利用水平有了大致了解。針對水資源承載力處于弱壓力狀態(tài)的佳木斯市水資源開發(fā)利用中地下水位下降、水環(huán)境惡化的情況,利用基于NSGA-Ⅱ的多水源、多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化配置模型,求解出三種來水情景下的多個地表水、地下水配水方案,為保障佳木斯地區(qū)的綜合效益最優(yōu)化及農(nóng)業(yè)水資源的可持續(xù)利用提供了一定的理論指導(dǎo),全面提高地表水的開采利用率,從而來實現(xiàn)佳木斯市水資源對其社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的可持續(xù)供給。
[Abstract]:The water system in the province of Heilongjiang is developed. It is an important grain production base in China and bears the responsibility of ensuring the national food security. In recent years, the grain production has made great achievements. However, with the rapid growth of the population, the improvement of the living standard and the economic and social development, the shortage of water resources has become the bottleneck of the national economy and social development. In order to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources in Heilongjiang, the water resources carrying capacity of each administrative region is evaluated and the water resources carrying capacity is at the same time. In order to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources in Heilongjiang Province, the groundwater level decline, the groundwater overexploitation and the ecological environment have been destroyed. The multi-objective optimal allocation of agricultural water in Jiamusi area in the weak pressure state provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable exploitation and utilization of water resources in various administrative regions of Heilongjiang province and the distribution of agricultural irrigation water in Jiamusi. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the current situation of water resources exploitation and utilization and water in Heilongjiang Province, the main research contents and conclusions are as follows. According to the information entropy theory and the extenics theory, the evaluation model of water resources carrying capacity is established according to the information entropy theory and the extenics theory, and the evaluation index of water resources carrying capacity is put forward in accordance with the Heilongjiang Province, and the water resources carrying capacity of the 13 administrative regions is studied. The comprehensive correlation degree of water resources carrying capacity of each administrative region can be calculated to determine its evaluation grade. The water resources carrying capacity of Mudanjiang, Heihe and Greater Khingan Range is the best, in grade I, strong and pressure free; Daqing and Yichun are in class II, weak and non pressure state; Harbin and Qitaihe are in grade III, water resources development and utilization and society The development is in a balanced state; Jiamusi, Qigihar, Jixi, Hegang, Shuangyashan and Suihua are in grade IV and are weak pressure states. Among them, the water resources carrying capacity of Jiamusi, Qigihar, Jixi, Hegang, Shuangyashan and Suihua are all at the same level. According to the characteristic values of their rank variables, the water resources of the six administrative regions are known. The source bearing capacity is in the state of grade III, and the degree of bias is: Suihua Qigihar Jiamusi Jixi Shuangyashan Hegang, which indicates the development potential of the water resources in the six administrative regions under the condition of weak pressure. (2) the agricultural water in Jiamusi city of the main grain producing area of Sanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, is established as an example. The multi-objective optimization allocation model of NSGA- II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm- II) based on the elite strategy based fast non dominated sorting genetic algorithm (Sorting Genetic Algorithm- II) is proposed. The method of multi water supply to multiple crops under different water conditions is proposed. Using NSGA- II to solve the multi-objective optimization allocation model, three kinds of water conditions are calculated. Three schemes are selected to weigh the economic targets and environmental targets. The economic target of the project one is 8.888 x 109 yuan, the environment target is 5.881 x 106 kg, the scheme two is 8.80 * 109 yuan and 5.805 x 106 kg respectively. The scheme three are 8.556 * 109 and 5.745 * 8.80 kg, respectively. It can provide the basis for the local agricultural water resource planning according to the preference or the actual situation, which can provide the basis for the local agricultural water resources planning. This model considers the joint dispatching of surface water and groundwater, realizes the joint water supply of multi water to the crops, and obtains multiple water supply schemes for multi crops under different water conditions. In this paper, based on the entropy weight matter element extension model, the water resources carrying capacity level of each administrative region is determined, and the water resources carrying capacity level and regional difference in each administrative region are fully reflected. The overall utilization level of water resources in various administrative regions of Heilongjiang province is roughly understood. The Jiamusi city of the water resources carrying capacity is in the weak pressure state. In the development and utilization of water resources and the deterioration of water environment, using multiple water sources based on NSGA- II and multi-objective optimization allocation model, we have solved three kinds of surface water under the situation of water and water allocation scheme, which provides a certain guarantee for the optimization of comprehensive benefits and the sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in Jiamusi. The theoretical guidance is to comprehensively improve the exploitation and utilization rate of surface water, so as to realize the sustainable supply of water resources to Jiamusi's social and economic development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV213.4

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