本文選題：寬灘區(qū) + 防護(hù)堤��； 參考：《泥沙研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：在大洪水期行洪滯洪沉沙是黃河下游寬灘區(qū)的主要功能之一。近十幾年來,隨著黃河水沙的變化和小浪底水庫的建成運(yùn)用,對寬灘區(qū)運(yùn)用方式的爭論更為激烈,卻一直缺乏系統(tǒng)的對比研究。為此,黃科院利用小浪底至陶城鋪河道實(shí)體模型,采用2013年汛前地形,開展了黃河下游寬灘區(qū)是否修建防護(hù)堤兩種不同運(yùn)用方式下,大洪水期的洪水演進(jìn)試驗(yàn),通過對比分析不同運(yùn)用方式下的下游河道在沖淤演變、洪水位變化和灘區(qū)防洪安全等方面的問題,探討了大洪水條件下黃河下游河道沖淤及灘區(qū)的安全形勢,以期為黃河下游河道治理措施的決策提供科學(xué)的參考依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明,寬灘區(qū)修建防護(hù)堤后,中常高含沙洪水條件下主槽淤積量小于不修防護(hù)堤方案,大洪水條件下主槽沖刷量大于不修防護(hù)堤方案,說明主槽過流能力和輸沙能力均有所增大。但是,修建防護(hù)堤后的嫩灘淤積量,兩種洪水條件下均呈現(xiàn)出明顯大于不修防護(hù)堤方案,河道的橫斷面形態(tài)和"二級(jí)懸河"形勢均有所惡化。同時(shí),由于目前地形條件下夾河灘以上河段主河槽過流能力達(dá)到了6 000m3/s,洪水向下游的演進(jìn)速度和水量明顯增加,導(dǎo)致高村以下的洪水位比不修防護(hù)堤時(shí)顯著提升,增大了高村以下河段的防洪壓力,灘區(qū)的防洪安全受到嚴(yán)重威脅。
[Abstract]:Flood and sediment stagnation is one of the main functions of wide beach area in the lower Yellow River.In recent years, with the change of water and sediment in the Yellow River and the completion and operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the debate on the operation mode of the wide beach area has become more intense, but there has been a lack of systematic comparative study.Therefore, using the model of Xiaolangdi to Taochingpu river course and using the terrain before the flood in 2013, the Huangke Institute carried out the flood routing test during the flood period under two different application modes, whether to build a protective embankment or not in the wide beach area of the lower Yellow River.By comparing and analyzing the problems in the evolution of scour and siltation, the change of flood water level and the flood control safety of the lower reaches of the Yellow River under different operation modes, the paper discusses the safety situation of the channel scouring and silting in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the beach area under the condition of the big flood.In order to provide a scientific reference for the decision of river regulation measures in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The results show that after the construction of embankment in wide beach area, the amount of silt accumulation in main channel is smaller than that in unrepaired embankment under the condition of medium and high sand flood, and the scour amount of main channel is larger than that of unrepaired embankment under the condition of large flood.The results show that the overcurrent capacity and sediment transport capacity of the main channel are increased.However, the siltation amount of the tender beach after the construction of the embankment is obviously larger than that of the unrepaired embankment scheme under the two flood conditions, and the cross section shape of the river course and the situation of the "secondary suspension river" have been deteriorated.At the same time, due to the current topographic conditions, the capacity of the main channel of the river reach above the river bank reaches 6 000 m3 / s, the speed of the flood moving downstream and the amount of water are obviously increased, resulting in a significant increase in the flood water level below the high village than when the embankment is not repaired.The flood control pressure of the reach below Gaocun is increased, and the flood control safety of the beach area is seriously threatened.
【作者單位】： 黃河水利科學(xué)研究院;
【基金】：國家十二五科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2012BAB02B01) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51479080,51539004)
【分類號(hào)】：TV147

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