本文選題：鄱陽(yáng)湖濕地 + 生態(tài)水文　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著氣候變化、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,鄱陽(yáng)湖的水文情勢(shì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)生了較大的改變,直接影響到鄱陽(yáng)湖濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和鄱陽(yáng)湖生態(tài)安全。為維護(hù)鄱陽(yáng)湖生態(tài)功能及生態(tài)安全,進(jìn)行變化環(huán)境下典型濕地生態(tài)水文過(guò)程與調(diào)控對(duì)策研究,具有重大的理論與實(shí)踐意義。論文的主要工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： 1、利用近50年的實(shí)測(cè)年徑流量及年輸沙量資料,采用Mann-Kendall等方法,研究了鄱陽(yáng)湖流域水沙量的時(shí)空分布特性；從流域降雨、用水、水庫(kù)攔沙、三峽蓄水、水土流失及其治理等方面分析引起鄱陽(yáng)湖流域水沙變化的主要原因,提出了鄱陽(yáng)湖流域氣候變化降雨量減少對(duì)近10年鄱陽(yáng)湖出入湖徑流量的減少影響顯著；水庫(kù)滯沙是鄱陽(yáng)湖入湖沙量減少的主要原因；出湖沙量變化主要受上游水庫(kù)群的影響,還有近年湖區(qū)采砂的影響。 2、基于鄱陽(yáng)湖入湖總水量的變化分析,應(yīng)用長(zhǎng)周期旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)指數(shù)研究旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)律,結(jié)果表明：在4～5月與6～7月之間,鄱陽(yáng)湖在長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)存在旱轉(zhuǎn)澇和澇轉(zhuǎn)旱的交替循環(huán)過(guò)程,且進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái)旱轉(zhuǎn)澇和澇轉(zhuǎn)旱的間隔年份不斷縮短,表明鄱陽(yáng)湖流域“旱澇”和“澇旱”轉(zhuǎn)換越來(lái)越頻繁。 3、鄱陽(yáng)湖的水文過(guò)程決定了其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,其中水位變化是影響其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)變化的最主要因素。采用CoupModel模型模擬1990-2011年的典型濕地植被呼吸量(碳),然后結(jié)合相應(yīng)時(shí)段的鄱陽(yáng)湖星子站日水位,研究了鄱陽(yáng)湖濕地生物量的變化及其與鄱陽(yáng)湖水位的關(guān)系。發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)水位大于14m時(shí),總呼吸作用明顯變小,持續(xù)高水位時(shí),總呼吸作用逐漸減弱；在一定范圍,鄱陽(yáng)湖水位較低并且持續(xù)時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),累計(jì)植物呼吸量呈現(xiàn)逐漸增大的趨勢(shì)：最大年變幅水位越高,年累計(jì)植物呼吸量越小,說(shuō)明一年內(nèi)水位變化越劇烈,越不利于濕地植被的生長(zhǎng)；最高水位與年累計(jì)植物呼吸作用的關(guān)系研究表明,當(dāng)最高水位越高時(shí),年累計(jì)植物呼吸作用越低。當(dāng)最高水位越低時(shí),年累計(jì)植物呼吸作用越大。年平均水位與年累計(jì)植物呼吸量的關(guān)系也呈現(xiàn)同樣的規(guī)律。 4、建立了模擬鄱陽(yáng)湖星子站水位與典型濕地植被呼吸量(碳)關(guān)系的CoupModel-ANN生態(tài)水文模型,并應(yīng)用該模型探討了鄱陽(yáng)湖水利樞紐工程不同調(diào)度方案對(duì)保護(hù)濕地的作用。利用CoupModel-ANN模型進(jìn)行不同水位方案植被呼吸量的預(yù)測(cè),與CoupModel模型模擬的1990-2011年正常年份的植被平均呼吸量進(jìn)行比較,得出鄱陽(yáng)湖濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)與保護(hù)的適宜水位為10-14.5m。
[Abstract]:With the climate change and the rapid development of economy and society, the hydrological situation and ecological environment of Poyang Lake have changed greatly, which directly affects the wetland ecosystem of Poyang Lake and the ecological security of Poyang Lake.In order to maintain the ecological function and ecological safety of Poyang Lake, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the ecological hydrological process and control countermeasures of typical wetland under changing environment.The main work and innovation of the thesis are as follows:1. Based on the measured annual runoff and sediment discharge data of nearly 50 years, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of water and sediment volume in Poyang Lake basin are studied by using Mann-Kendall method, including rainfall, water use, sediment retention by reservoir, three Gorges water storage, etc.The main causes of water and sediment change in Poyang Lake basin are analyzed in soil erosion and its management. It is pointed out that the decrease of precipitation in Poyang Lake basin has a significant effect on the runoff of Poyang Lake in recent 10 years.Reservoir sediment retention is the main reason for the decrease of sediment flow into Poyang Lake, and the change of sediment output is mainly affected by the upstream reservoir group and sand mining in the lake area in recent years.2. Based on the analysis of the change of the total water quantity of Poyang Lake into the lake, the long-period drought and flood index is applied to study the regularity of the rapid change of drought and flood. The results show that between April and May and June to July, there is an alternate cycle between drought and waterlogging in Poyang Lake during a long period of time.In the 21st century, the interval between drought and waterlogging has been shortened, indicating that the conversion of "drought, flood" and "waterlogging" in Poyang Lake basin is becoming more and more frequent.3. The hydrological process of Poyang Lake determines the structure and function of its ecosystem, and the change of water level is the most important factor affecting the change of its ecosystem state.The CoupModel model was used to simulate the respiration rate (carbon) of typical wetland vegetation from 1990 to 2011, and then the relationship between the biomass of the wetland and the water level of Poyang Lake was studied by combining with the daily water level of Xingzi Station in Poyang Lake in the corresponding period.It is found that when the water level is more than 14 m, the total respiration becomes smaller obviously, and when the water level is high, the total respiration gradually weakens, and in a certain range, the water level of Poyang Lake is lower and the duration is longer.The cumulative plant respiration showed a trend of increasing gradually: the higher the maximum annual amplitude water level, the smaller the annual cumulative plant respiration, which indicated that the more severe the water level change within one year, the more unfavorable to the growth of wetland vegetation;The relationship between the maximum water level and the annual accumulative plant respiration shows that the higher the maximum water level, the lower the annual cumulative plant respiration.When the highest water level is lower, the cumulative annual plant respiration is greater.The relationship between annual mean water level and annual cumulative plant respiration is similar.4. A CoupModel-ANN eco-hydrological model was established to simulate the relationship between water level and respiration (carbon) of typical wetland vegetation at Xingzi Station in Poyang Lake, and the effects of different dispatching schemes of Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project on wetland protection were discussed.The CoupModel-ANN model was used to predict the vegetation respiration of different water level schemes, and compared with the average vegetation respiration in the normal years from 1990 to 2011 simulated by the CoupModel model. It was concluded that the suitable water level for restoration and protection of wetland ecosystem in Poyang Lake was 10-14.5 m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X143;X171;TV12

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