本文選題：水擊現(xiàn)象　切入點(diǎn)：非恒定流　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文首先對(duì)經(jīng)典水擊基本微分方程及計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行了介紹分析，指出了其基本理論和數(shù)值算法中可能存在的一些問題，如經(jīng)典水擊連續(xù)性方程不能恒滿足恒定流條件、水擊計(jì)算結(jié)果的衰減性不符合實(shí)際情況、傾斜項(xiàng)存在的不合理性、應(yīng)用動(dòng)量定理時(shí)所選研究對(duì)象在時(shí)段初、末不一致、 ds/dt=v和ds/dt=c的概念混淆等問題。 接著，本論文對(duì)水擊基本方程進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步推導(dǎo)和分析，特別是針對(duì)水擊波的傳播特性，，采用嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃畵衄F(xiàn)象傳播圖示，嚴(yán)格的推導(dǎo)了水擊波的運(yùn)動(dòng)方程，其結(jié)果與經(jīng)典水擊運(yùn)動(dòng)方程一致，驗(yàn)證了水擊運(yùn)動(dòng)方程的正確性。同時(shí)，分析了水擊連續(xù)性方程存在的問題及原因。對(duì)于水擊計(jì)算的特征線法，考慮波速的影響，采用庫(kù)朗格式計(jì)算，對(duì)水擊計(jì)算結(jié)果的衰減性有所改善，但仍與實(shí)際情況相差甚遠(yuǎn)。水流流速的忽略并不是造成水擊計(jì)算結(jié)果不衰減的根本因素。通過對(duì)恒定流和非恒定流情況下管壁剪切力模型的分析和計(jì)算，說明剪切力模型形式對(duì)水擊問題的衰減性有一定關(guān)系。 然后，本論文通過將一維非恒定流基本微分方程組聯(lián)合液體彈性方程與管壁彈性方程后組成的完型方程組，進(jìn)行了水擊問題的數(shù)值計(jì)算，得出了較為滿意的關(guān)于水擊壓強(qiáng)、水擊波速、管道斷面面積以及液體密度的變化規(guī)律的結(jié)果，能夠較好的符合實(shí)際情況，在理論研究及工程應(yīng)用中均具有重要意義。 最后，本論文通過對(duì)完型方程組的進(jìn)一步計(jì)算分析，對(duì)水擊的類型分類以及閥門或?qū)~開度等因素對(duì)水擊壓強(qiáng)的影響進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證和定量分析，對(duì)定性分析水擊現(xiàn)象提供了技術(shù)手段和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the basic differential equation and calculation method of classical water hammer are introduced and analyzed, and some possible problems in its basic theory and numerical algorithm are pointed out. For example, the classical continuity equation of water hammer can not satisfy the constant flow condition.The attenuation of the results of water hammer calculation does not accord with the actual situation, the irrationality of the slope term, the inconsistency of the objects chosen in the application of momentum theorem at the beginning and the end of the period, the confusion of the concepts of ds/dt=v and ds/dt=c, and so on.Then, the basic equation of water hammer is further deduced and analyzed, especially according to the propagation characteristic of water hammer wave, the motion equation of water hammer wave is deduced strictly by using strict diagram of water hammer phenomenon propagation.The results are in agreement with the classical equation of motion of water hammer, and verify the correctness of the equation of motion of water hammer.At the same time, the problems and causes of water hammer continuity equation are analyzed.Considering the influence of wave velocity, the attenuation of the result of water hammer calculation is improved by considering the influence of wave velocity, but it is still far from the actual situation.The neglect of the flow velocity is not the fundamental factor which causes the water hammer calculation results to decay.Through the analysis and calculation of the shear force model of the pipe wall under the condition of constant flow and unsteady flow, it is shown that the form of shear force model has a certain relationship with the attenuation of water hammer problem.Then, by combining the basic differential equations of one-dimensional unsteady flow with the liquid elastic equation and the tube wall elastic equation, the numerical calculation of the water hammer problem is carried out, and the satisfactory water hammer pressure is obtained.The results of water hammer wave velocity, pipeline cross section area and liquid density can accord with the actual situation, and are of great significance in theoretical research and engineering application.Finally, through the further calculation and analysis of the Gestalt equations, the classification of water hammer types and the effects of valve or guide vane opening on the water hammer pressure are verified and quantitatively analyzed.It provides technical means and technical support for qualitative analysis of water hammer phenomenon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV134

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本文編號(hào)：1700607