本文選題：高壩泄流　切入點(diǎn)：振源分析　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國是世界水電第一大國，目前自主設(shè)計(jì)及在建的高壩中，其壩高及泄洪流量均已達(dá)到世界領(lǐng)先水平。由于高速水流的復(fù)雜性，以及高速水流與結(jié)構(gòu)相互作用的復(fù)雜性，高壩泄流誘發(fā)的泄水建筑物及周邊場地振動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象時(shí)有發(fā)生。高壩泄流振動(dòng)問題一直是近年來水利水電工程界關(guān)心的熱點(diǎn)問題。在進(jìn)行高壩泄流振動(dòng)響應(yīng)計(jì)算時(shí)，主要困難在于激勵(lì)源的多樣性和復(fù)雜性，因而首先需對振源進(jìn)行分析，了解作用于壩體的動(dòng)水荷載特性。本文針對向家壩模型試驗(yàn)問題、流激振動(dòng)響應(yīng)問題及振源識別問題，通過水力學(xué)模型試驗(yàn)、水彈性模型試驗(yàn)、理論分析及有限元數(shù)值計(jì)算對這些問題進(jìn)行研究，建立了相關(guān)的計(jì)算方法，得出一些有意義的結(jié)論。主要研究內(nèi)容如下： （一）泄洪誘發(fā)振動(dòng)的水流脈動(dòng)荷載特征研究。根據(jù)向家壩實(shí)際工程結(jié)構(gòu)建立水力學(xué)模型，對作用于壩體的水流脈動(dòng)荷載特征進(jìn)行研究，重點(diǎn)分析不同泄洪工況下水流脈壓的幅值、均方根值、時(shí)程變化特征；應(yīng)用功率譜估計(jì)方法，對脈動(dòng)荷載的信號進(jìn)行譜分析，研究水流脈動(dòng)荷載的主頻分布規(guī)律。 （二）泄洪誘發(fā)場地振動(dòng)的水彈性模型試驗(yàn)研究。根據(jù)實(shí)際工程結(jié)構(gòu)及地基情況建立水彈性模型，對試驗(yàn)場地進(jìn)行隔振處理。測得不同運(yùn)行工況下結(jié)構(gòu)地基振動(dòng)的加速度響應(yīng)值，分析不同開孔方式對地基不同位置振動(dòng)的影響情況，初步識別不同激勵(lì)源對振動(dòng)的影響大小。 （三）泄流誘發(fā)壩區(qū)地基振動(dòng)振源分析�；谛沽髡駝�(dòng)的正分析方法，依據(jù)有限元原理和計(jì)算方法，建立有限元數(shù)值模型。將實(shí)測水流脈動(dòng)荷載換算成原型水流脈動(dòng)荷載，并加載到數(shù)值模型上，對不同振源加載下結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算分析，得到泄洪誘發(fā)壩區(qū)地基振動(dòng)的振源分析結(jié)果。 （四）泄流誘發(fā)附近城區(qū)場地振動(dòng)振源分析。建立向家壩泄水建筑物、地基及周邊場地土原型有限元模型。將原型水流脈動(dòng)荷載加載到有限元模型上，，計(jì)算并分析不同泄流工況下距離向家壩較近的水富縣城兩處典型測點(diǎn)的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)預(yù)測值。分析中孔開度不同、表孔開度不同及表中孔聯(lián)合泄流對主振源的影響規(guī)律，識別主振源，據(jù)此提出有效的調(diào)度措施和工程措施。
[Abstract]:China is the largest hydropower country in the world. At present, among the high dams designed and under construction, the dam height and flood discharge have reached the leading level in the world. Because of the complexity of high speed water flow and the complexity of interaction between high speed flow and structure, In recent years, the problem of high dam discharge vibration has always been a hot issue in the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. In the calculation of the vibration response of high dam discharge, the vibration of the high dam discharge structure and its surrounding site occur from time to time. The main difficulty lies in the diversity and complexity of the excitation source, so it is necessary to analyze the vibration source and understand the characteristics of the dynamic water load acting on the dam body. In this paper, for the model test of Xiangjia dam, the fluid-induced vibration response problem and the vibration source identification problem are discussed. These problems are studied by hydraulic model test, hydroelastic model test, theoretical analysis and finite element numerical calculation. The relevant calculation methods are established, and some meaningful conclusions are drawn. The main contents are as follows:. (1) study on the characteristics of flow pulsating load on the vibration induced by flood discharge. According to the actual engineering structure of Xiangjia Dam, the hydraulic model is established, and the characteristics of the fluctuating load acting on the dam body are studied. The amplitude, root mean square (RMS) and time-history variation characteristics of flow pulse pressure under different flood discharge conditions are analyzed, and the power spectrum estimation method is applied to analyze the signal spectrum of pulsating load, and the main frequency distribution law of pulsating load is studied. (2) the hydroelastic model test study of the site vibration induced by flood discharge. According to the actual engineering structure and the foundation condition, the hydroelastic model is established. The vibration isolation treatment was carried out on the test site. The acceleration response values of the structural foundation vibration under different operating conditions were measured. The influence of different opening modes on the vibration of the foundation at different positions was analyzed, and the influence of different excitation sources on the vibration was preliminarily identified. (3) Analysis of vibration source of foundation vibration in dam area induced by discharge. Based on positive analysis method of discharge vibration, finite element numerical model is established according to finite element principle and calculation method. The measured pulsating load of flow is converted into prototype fluctuating load of flow. The vibration response of the structure subjected to different vibration sources is calculated and analyzed, and the vibration source analysis results of foundation vibration in the dam area induced by flood discharge are obtained. (4) the vibration source analysis of nearby urban site induced by discharge. The prototype finite element model of the drainage structure, foundation and surrounding site is established. The prototype flow pulsating load is loaded into the finite element model. The vibration response prediction values of two typical measuring points near Xiangjiaba are calculated and analyzed under different discharge conditions. The effects of different hole opening, surface hole opening and combined discharge of surface hole on the main vibration source are analyzed. Based on the identification of main vibration sources, effective dispatching measures and engineering measures are proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV135

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