本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水庫(kù)移民 弱勢(shì)群體 生存現(xiàn)狀 貧困風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析 幫扶體系　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)水利水電事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,水利水電工程移民的數(shù)量也日益增多,據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),目前我國(guó)移民數(shù)量已經(jīng)高達(dá)2500多萬(wàn),移民問(wèn)題已成為世界性的難題,越來(lái)越受到社會(huì)的關(guān)注。過(guò)去由于受當(dāng)時(shí)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面因素的影響,大部分水庫(kù)移民就地后靠安置在庫(kù)區(qū)周邊,由于自然條件艱苦,資源嚴(yán)重匱乏,庫(kù)區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緩慢,造成了諸多遺留問(wèn)題,“先進(jìn)的工程、落后的庫(kù)區(qū)、貧困的移民”的工程建設(shè)比比皆是。隨著移民政策的不斷發(fā)展完善,20世紀(jì)80年代世界銀行提出了開(kāi)發(fā)性移民政策,開(kāi)辟了移民安置工作的新篇章。 基于目前水庫(kù)移民的生活現(xiàn)狀,本文將研究方向延伸至水庫(kù)移民中的弱勢(shì)群體。由于他們自身的生理缺陷和年齡原因等,導(dǎo)致在社會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中處于不利地位,生活艱苦。如果不能及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確的關(guān)注到這一特點(diǎn),有針對(duì)性地解決他們的生存及發(fā)展問(wèn)題,將有損社會(huì)公平、公正。 首先,本文在充分吸收和借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外水庫(kù)移民研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合目前有關(guān)弱勢(shì)群體的理論研究和現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況,運(yùn)用社會(huì)學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)以及水庫(kù)移民科學(xué)的理論,對(duì)水庫(kù)移民中弱勢(shì)群體重新進(jìn)行了分類(lèi),具體概括為生理性弱勢(shì)群體、心理性弱勢(shì)群體、行為性弱勢(shì)群體、經(jīng)濟(jì)性弱勢(shì)群體和自然性弱勢(shì)群體五大類(lèi),并分析了水庫(kù)移民中弱勢(shì)群體的本質(zhì)和特征：生活貧困化、政治地位邊緣化、社會(huì)排斥、心態(tài)邊緣化、極端化、可轉(zhuǎn)化性。其次,構(gòu)建了包含家庭子系統(tǒng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)子系統(tǒng)、社會(huì)子系統(tǒng)、文化子系統(tǒng)、心理子系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境子系統(tǒng)和政治子系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的“水庫(kù)移民中弱勢(shì)群體—普通移民—原居民”生存現(xiàn)狀對(duì)比指標(biāo)體系,并以河南省淅川縣丹江口水庫(kù)移民為例進(jìn)行了生存現(xiàn)狀分析。然后,針對(duì)造成水庫(kù)移民成為弱勢(shì)群體的貧困現(xiàn)象,對(duì)其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行了辨識(shí),即政策風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和技術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并采取模糊層次分析法,構(gòu)建貧困風(fēng)險(xiǎn)綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型,通過(guò)該模型對(duì)水庫(kù)移民中弱勢(shì)群體貧困情況進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。最后,根據(jù)水庫(kù)移民弱勢(shì)群體形成的原因、生活現(xiàn)狀及貧困風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度等,結(jié)合國(guó)家社會(huì)保障體制、后期扶持政策、弱勢(shì)群體經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理等構(gòu)建了包含政府、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、管理、個(gè)人等“五位一體”的多層次弱勢(shì)群體幫扶體系,保障水庫(kù)移民中弱勢(shì)群體的合法權(quán)益和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of water conservancy and hydropower industry in China, the number of water conservancy and hydropower project migrants is also increasing day by day. According to incomplete statistics, the number of migrants in our country has reached more than 25 million at present, and the migration problem has become a worldwide problem. In the past, due to the influence of political, economic and other factors at that time, most of the reservoir migrants settled locally and then settled around the reservoir area. As a result of the harsh natural conditions, the resources were severely scarce. The slow economic development of the reservoir area has resulted in many remaining problems. "Advanced projects, backward reservoir areas, With the continuous development and perfection of the immigration policy, the World Bank put forward the developmental immigration policy in 80s, which opened a new chapter in the resettlement work. Based on the present living conditions of reservoir migrants, this paper extends the research direction to the vulnerable groups of reservoir migrants. Due to their own physiological defects and age reasons, they are in a disadvantageous position in the social competition. Life is hard. If we can not pay attention to this characteristic in time and accurately, and solve their survival and development problems pertinently, it will be harmful to social equity and justice. First of all, on the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from the research results of reservoir migration at home and abroad, combined with the current theoretical research and practical situation of vulnerable groups, this paper applies the theories of sociology, economics and reservoir migration science. This paper reclassifies the vulnerable groups in reservoir emigration, including physiological vulnerable group, psychological vulnerable group, behavioral vulnerable group, economic vulnerable group and natural vulnerable group, which are classified into five categories: physiological vulnerable group, psychological vulnerable group, behavioral vulnerable group, economic vulnerable group and natural vulnerable group. And analyzed the nature and characteristics of the vulnerable groups in reservoir migration: poverty of life, marginalization of political status, social exclusion, marginalization of mentality, extreme, transformability. Social subsystem, cultural subsystem, psychological subsystem, environment subsystem and political subsystem, which are the comparative index system of the existing situation of the "vulnerable group in reservoir emigration-ordinary immigrant and indigenous inhabitant", including the social subsystem, cultural subsystem, psychological subsystem, environment subsystem and political subsystem. Taking the Danjiangkou Reservoir immigrants in Xichuan County, Henan Province as an example, the survival status of the reservoir migrants is analyzed. Then, the risk factors are identified, that is, the policy risk and the social risk, in view of the poverty phenomenon that causes the reservoir migrants to become a vulnerable group. Economic risk, natural risk and technical risk, and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is adopted to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of poverty risk, through which the poverty situation of vulnerable groups in reservoir resettlement is analyzed. According to the causes of the formation of the vulnerable groups of reservoir migrants, the living conditions and the degree of poverty risk, combining with the national social security system, the later supporting policies, the economic principles of the vulnerable groups, and so on, this paper constructs the government, the society, the economy, and the management. Individuals and other "five-in-one" multi-level vulnerable group support system, to protect the legal rights and interests of vulnerable groups in reservoir migration and social stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV62;D632.4

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