【摘要】：我國稠油資源儲量相對豐富,因此,對稠油資源的開采問題顯得尤為重要。由于稠油密度大、粘度大,流動性差,導(dǎo)致其運輸和開采問題都較常規(guī)原油困難。因此,開發(fā)出一種降粘效果優(yōu)異的化學(xué)降粘劑具有重要意義。本論文根據(jù)水溶性降粘劑的降粘機理,首先以N,N-二甲基丙二胺和不同碳鏈長度的脂肪酸為原料,經(jīng)過酰胺化反應(yīng)制備得到兩種叔胺中間體,叔胺中間體分別與3-氯-2-羥基丙磺酸鈉和氯乙酸鈉經(jīng)過季銨化反應(yīng)合成了四種甜菜堿型乳化降粘劑。并利用紅外、核磁對產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了表征分析確定了產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)。實驗首先對合成的四種降粘劑進(jìn)行了初步的性能研究,篩選出了可應(yīng)用于濱南稠油降粘的乳化劑樣品。對所選乳化劑進(jìn)行耐溫性能、抗鹽性能、乳化降粘性能及緩蝕性能等方面的考察。結(jié)果表明:適用于濱南稠油的最佳降粘劑是油酸酰胺羥丙基磺基甜菜堿(OASB),在其加量為1000 ppm時,降粘率達(dá)99.2%,乳液性能穩(wěn)定。有較好的抗鹽性,尤其具有較好的抗鈣鎂離子的能力,在220?C處理24 h后降粘率基本不變,說明OASB有良好的耐溫性能。50?C保溫24 h在礦化度為93820 mg/L地層水中對N80鋼片的緩蝕率為66.7%,說明乳化劑OASB有一定的緩蝕效果。濱南鄭家區(qū)塊稠油是典型的高瀝青質(zhì)膠質(zhì)超稠油,對市售多種降粘劑的感受性普遍較差。在參考國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,我們借助降粘劑的各個組分之間的協(xié)同性和互補性,制備了一種針對高膠質(zhì)瀝青質(zhì)超稠油降粘的高效油溶性降粘劑YZ-31。實驗考察了降粘劑YZ-31加量、溫度等因素對其降粘效果的影響。結(jié)果表明:在50?C,5 wt%的加劑量下對鄭家區(qū)塊三種實驗超稠油樣品的降粘率都在95%以上,且對膠質(zhì)、瀝青質(zhì)含量高的稠油降粘效果較明顯;將降粘劑YZ-31與多種商品降粘劑的降粘效果做了對比,結(jié)果表明:在相同實驗條件下,降粘劑YZ-31對三種實驗超稠油的降粘效果均遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)好于商品樣降粘劑;研究了降粘劑降粘效果的穩(wěn)定性和降粘劑對溫度的敏感性,發(fā)現(xiàn)YZ-31降粘效果的穩(wěn)定性好,在較高的溫度下仍具有較高的降粘率,在90?C時對三種油樣的絕對降粘率都在80%以上,符合了現(xiàn)場實際應(yīng)用的要求。實驗考察了YZ-31的普適性,發(fā)現(xiàn)YZ-31對不同油藏多口油井的稠油都有很好的降粘效果,降粘率都在95%以上,具有良好的廣譜性。
[Abstract]:Heavy oil reserves are relatively abundant in China, so it is very important to exploit heavy oil resources. Because of the high density, high viscosity and poor fluidity of heavy oil, the transportation and recovery of heavy oil are more difficult than that of conventional crude oil. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a chemical viscosity reducer with excellent viscosity reduction effect. Based on the viscosity reduction mechanism of water soluble viscosity reducer, two tertiary amine intermediates were prepared by amidation reaction from N- dimethylpropylenediamine and fatty acids of different carbon chain lengths. Four betaine emulsified viscosity reducers were synthesized by quaternary ammonium reaction of tertiary amine intermediate with sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate and sodium chloroacetate respectively. The structure of the product was determined by IR and NMR. The properties of four kinds of viscosity reducers were studied and the emulsifier samples which could be applied to the viscosity reduction of Binnan heavy oil were selected. The temperature resistance, salt resistance, viscosity reduction and corrosion inhibition of the emulsifier were investigated. The results show that the best viscosity reducer for Binnan heavy oil is oleic acid amide hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (OASB), when the dosage is 1000 ppm, the viscosity reduction rate reaches 99.2 and the emulsion performance is stable. It has good salt resistance, especially the ability of resisting calcium and magnesium ions, and the viscosity reduction rate is basically unchanged after 24 h treatment at 220 鈩，

本文編號：2267770