【摘要】：隨著常規(guī)原油資源的日益枯竭,世界原油供應呈現(xiàn)出重質化、劣質化趨勢,從資源可取性、加工原油經濟效益及裝置適應性考慮,開發(fā)高酸原油加工新工藝是我國煉油企業(yè)面臨的重要問題。論文針對新疆高酸混合原油開展堿洗脫酸工藝研究,在研究NaOH與環(huán)烷酸、脂肪酸、苯甲酸等模型化合物反應速率的基礎上,提出用相轉移催化劑(PTC)提高反應速率,同時減少混合強度,抑制原油-(堿)水乳化。結果表明:脂肪酸與NaOH的反應速率最快,環(huán)烷酸其次,原油與苯甲酸相近,但明顯低于環(huán)烷酸,苯酚與NaOH的反應速率最慢。在所考察的4種季銨鹽和3種聚乙二醇PTC中,十二烷基二甲基芐基氯化銨(DDBAC)既可以提高石油酸-NaOH的反應速率,同時又能有效抑制油水乳化傾向。采用Zeta電位、油水界面張力、顯微粒徑分布和全功能穩(wěn)定性分析等方法,探討NaOH和PTC對高酸原油堿洗脫酸過程中乳狀液穩(wěn)定性影響的機理,結果表明,NaOH主要是通過雙電層機理影響油水乳狀液的穩(wěn)定性,加入DDBAC可以降低油水界面的Zeta電位,降低界面膜強度,有利于液滴顆粒的聚并,從而抑制乳化。優(yōu)化了以填料塔為原油脫酸反應器的多級堿洗-電脫酸工藝,在反應溫度70℃,NaOH濃度3%,劑油體積比1:4,DDBAC濃度400mg/L,電場強度600V/cm,停留時間25min的條件下,原油經二級堿洗和一級水洗后酸值由2.21 mgKOH/g降低至0.41mgKOH/g,達到低酸原油標準,堿液中油含量為3.66g/L。采用CO2酸化回收堿液中的環(huán)烷酸,得到粗環(huán)烷酸的酸值為142.76mgKOH/g,其中脂肪酸的含量較高。
[Abstract]:With the increasing depletion of conventional crude oil resources, the world crude oil supply shows a trend of heavy quality and poor quality. Considering the resource desirability, the economic benefit of processing crude oil and the adaptability of the equipment, Developing a new processing process for high acid crude oil is an important problem for oil refining enterprises in China. In this paper, the alkali-washing deacidification process of Xinjiang high acid mixed crude oil was studied. On the basis of studying the reaction rate of NaOH with naphthenic acid, fatty acid, benzoic acid and other model compounds, the phase transfer catalyst (PTC) was proposed to improve the reaction rate. At the same time, the mixing strength is reduced and the emulsification of crude oil-(alkali) water is inhibited. The results showed that the reaction rate between fatty acids and NaOH was the fastest, followed by naphthenic acid, crude oil and benzoic acid, but significantly lower than naphthenic acid, phenol and NaOH reaction rate was the slowest. Among the four quaternary ammonium salts and three kinds of polyethylene glycol (PTC), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) can not only increase the reaction rate of petroleum acid-NaOH, but also effectively inhibit the tendency of oil-water emulsification. By means of Zeta potential, oil-water interfacial tension, microparticle size distribution and full-function stability analysis, the mechanism of the effect of NaOH and PTC on the stability of emulsion during alkali washing and deacidification of high-acid crude oil was discussed. The results show that the stability of oil-water emulsion is mainly affected by the mechanism of double electric layer. The addition of DDBAC can reduce the Zeta potential of oil-water interface, decrease the strength of the interfacial film, facilitate the aggregation of droplet particles, and thus inhibit the emulsification. The process of multistage alkaline washing and electrode-acid with packed column as crude oil deacidification reactor was optimized. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 70 鈩，

本文編號：2267648