【摘要】：海相沉積盆地廣為發(fā)育鹽巖,盆內(nèi)油氣藏多與鹽巖有關(guān).塔里木盆地是中國最大的海相沉積盆地,該區(qū)以往的鹽構(gòu)造研究主要集中于其作為良好蓋層的封堵性能和作為構(gòu)造圈閉的鹽相關(guān)構(gòu)造.實測表明,鹽巖熱導(dǎo)率遠(yuǎn)大于普通沉積巖(約2~3倍),鹽巖這一強(qiáng)烈的熱物性差異必然會對盆地地層溫度分布及烴源巖熱演化產(chǎn)生顯著影響,但該問題尚未引起重視.本文基于系列理論模型和庫車前陸盆地鹽構(gòu)造地震解釋剖面,采用二維有限元數(shù)值模擬實驗,定量探討了鹽構(gòu)造的熱效應(yīng)及其對烴源巖熱演化的影響.研究表明,鹽體會造成鹽上地層顯著增溫(3%~13%)和鹽下地層降溫(11%~35%),進(jìn)而分別加速鹽上烴源巖和抑制鹽下烴源巖的熱演化過程.鹽體的熱導(dǎo)率、幾何形態(tài)、厚度和埋深是控制地?zé)岙惓７鹊闹饕蛩?異常范圍與鹽體尺寸有關(guān),橫向上可達(dá)鹽體寬度的2倍、垂向上為鹽體厚度的2~3倍.鹽構(gòu)造使得庫車前陸盆地鹽下地層溫度顯著降低,造成鹽下侏羅系烴源巖鏡質(zhì)體反射率(Ro)降低約18%,從而有利于鹽下深層油氣的保存.庫車前陸盆地東、西部的鹽構(gòu)造在埋深、厚度、成分和構(gòu)造變形樣式等方面均存差異,這可能是造成該區(qū)中生界烴源巖有機(jī)質(zhì)成熟度時空差異分布的原因.上述鹽構(gòu)造的熱效應(yīng)對中國海相沉積盆地深層油氣資源潛力評價與勘探具有重要意義.
[Abstract]:Salt rocks are widely developed in marine sedimentary basins, most of which are related to salt rocks. The Tarim Basin is the largest marine sedimentary basin in China. The previous studies of salt structure in this area mainly focus on its plugging performance as a good caprock and salt-related structure as a structural trap. The measured results show that the thermal conductivity of salt rock is much higher than that of common sedimentary rock (about 2 ~ 3 times). The strong difference in thermal properties of salt rock will inevitably have a significant impact on the formation temperature distribution and thermal evolution of source rock in the basin, but this problem has not been paid much attention to. Based on a series of theoretical models and seismic interpretation profiles of salt structures in Kuqa Foreland basin, the thermal effects of salt structures and their effects on the thermal evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks are quantitatively discussed by using two-dimensional finite element numerical simulation experiments. The results show that salt experience can significantly increase the temperature of the upper salt formation (313%) and lower the temperature of the subsalt formation (1135%), thus accelerating the thermal evolution of the source rock and restraining the thermal evolution of the subsalt source rock, respectively. The thermal conductivity, geometry, thickness and depth of salt are the main factors controlling the amplitude of geothermal anomaly. The anomalous range is related to the size of salt body, which can reach 2 times of the width of salt body laterally and 3 times of the thickness of salt body vertically. The salt structure makes the subsalt formation temperature of Kuqa Foreland basin significantly lower, resulting in the reduction of vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of the source rocks of the Lower Salt Jurassic by about 18%, which is beneficial to the preservation of deep oil and gas under salt. The salt structures in the east and west of Kuqa Foreland basin are different in depth, thickness, composition and structural deformation pattern, which may be the reason for the spatial and temporal distribution of organic matter maturity of Mesozoic source rocks in this area. The thermal effects of the above salt structures are of great significance to the evaluation and exploration of the deep oil and gas resources potential of marine sedimentary basins in China.
【作者單位】： 南京大學(xué)地理與海洋科學(xué)學(xué)院海岸與海島開發(fā)教育部重點實驗室;中國科學(xué)院南海海洋研究所邊緣海地質(zhì)重點實驗室;中國石油大學(xué)(北京)油氣資源與探測國家重點實驗室;中海石油(中國)有限公司北京研究中心;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(41272143,41106086) 中國石油科技創(chuàng)新基金(2015D-0506-0105)資助
【分類號】：P618.13

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