發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-19 16:25

【摘要】：在油田開采過程中,抽油泵發(fā)揮著重要作用。在高含氣井中抽油泵會(huì)產(chǎn)生氣鎖,防氣抽油泵被廣泛使用。本文通過研究防氣抽油泵的防氣鎖原理,解決氣鎖和減輕振動(dòng),為生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用提出科學(xué)建議,這對(duì)于油田開發(fā)中提高采收率,實(shí)現(xiàn)泵效提高,具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文首先以普通抽油泵為研究對(duì)象,探索一種研究氣液兩相流在抽油泵內(nèi)流動(dòng)特性的全周期動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)值模擬方法,然后利用該方法研究防氣抽油泵內(nèi)氣液兩相流的流動(dòng)規(guī)律。本文運(yùn)用理論計(jì)算、數(shù)值模擬和試驗(yàn)研究的方法,內(nèi)容主要圍繞防氣抽油泵模型的建立、邊界條件的設(shè)置、模擬參數(shù)的選擇、模擬結(jié)果分析以及試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行。主要研究的是:1.建立一種研究氣液兩相流在抽油泵內(nèi)流動(dòng)特性的全周期動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)值模擬方法,此方法可模擬出氣液兩相流在抽油泵運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中泵筒內(nèi)的壓力變化、含氣率變化、流量變化。利用模擬結(jié)果可計(jì)算出泵閥開啟時(shí)間、沖程損失和泵效。2.運(yùn)用上述數(shù)值模擬方法對(duì)影響抽油泵泵效的因素進(jìn)行研究,分析各因素對(duì)抽油泵泵效的影響規(guī)律。數(shù)值模擬和理論分析結(jié)果具有一致性,證實(shí)該動(dòng)態(tài)模擬方法對(duì)于研究抽油泵的正確性。3.利用上述模擬方法分析防氣抽油泵的防氣鎖原理,即通過在上沖程后期柱塞拔出泵筒使泵筒內(nèi)壓力迅速達(dá)到油管內(nèi)壓力相同,這樣在下沖程時(shí)游動(dòng)閥能迅速打開。同時(shí)油管下方的高含水介質(zhì)進(jìn)入泵筒有利于下一周期中固定閥及時(shí)開啟。但在上沖程末端泵筒內(nèi)壓力存在壓力突變,造成抽油桿柱沖擊振動(dòng)較大。4.運(yùn)用數(shù)值模擬方法對(duì)防氣抽油泵的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。為了減輕振動(dòng),在柱塞上開導(dǎo)壓孔,使拔出過程中泵筒內(nèi)壓力緩慢上升。并對(duì)優(yōu)化前后的防氣抽油泵進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn),可知防氣抽油泵具有較好的防氣鎖功能,但不能減少氣體進(jìn)入抽油泵內(nèi)。因此防氣抽油泵在實(shí)際使用時(shí)需要與氣液分離裝置一起使用。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于:(1)建立了一種氣液兩相流在抽油泵內(nèi)流動(dòng)特性的全周期動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)值模擬方法。(2)利用該動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)值模擬方法對(duì)防氣抽油泵進(jìn)行模擬,得出了防氣抽油泵的防氣鎖原理。
[Abstract]:The pumping pump plays an important role in the process of oilfield production. Gas lock will be produced in high gas-bearing wells, and gas-proof pump is widely used. In this paper, the principle of gas lock prevention of gas pump is studied to solve gas lock and reduce vibration, and scientific suggestions for production and application are put forward, which is of great practical significance for improving oil recovery and improving pump efficiency in oilfield development. In this paper, a whole period dynamic numerical simulation method of gas-liquid two-phase flow in oil pump is explored, and then the flow law of gas-liquid two-phase flow in anti-gas pump is studied by using this method. In this paper, the methods of theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and experimental research are used, which mainly focus on the establishment of gas-proof pumping pump model, the setting of boundary conditions, the selection of simulation parameters, the analysis of simulation results and the comparison of test data. The main subject of study is 1: 1. A full period dynamic numerical simulation method for studying the flow characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a pumping pump is established. This method can simulate the change of pressure, gas holdup and flow rate of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the pump barrel during the pump movement. By using the simulation results, the opening time, stroke loss and pump efficiency of the pump valve can be calculated. The factors influencing the pump efficiency are studied by using the numerical simulation method, and the influence law of each factor on the pump efficiency is analyzed. The results of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis are consistent, and it is proved that the dynamic simulation method is correct for the study of pumping pump. By using the above simulation method, the principle of anti-gas lock of anti-gas pumping pump is analyzed, that is, by pulling out the pump cylinder at the end of the upper stroke, the pressure inside the pump can reach the same pressure in the tubing quickly, so that the swimming valve can be opened quickly when the stroke is down. At the same time, the high water-bearing medium under the tubing enters the pump cylinder to facilitate the opening of the fixed valve in the next cycle. However, there is a sudden pressure change in the pump cylinder at the end of the stroke, which causes the shock vibration of the sucker rod string to be larger. 4. The structural parameters of gas-proof pump are optimized by numerical simulation method. In order to reduce vibration, the guide hole is opened on the plunger, which makes the pressure rise slowly during pullout. The experimental results show that the gas-proof pump has better anti-gas locking function, but it can not reduce the gas entering into the pump. Therefore, the gas-proof sucker pump needs to be used with the gas-liquid separator in practice. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) a full-period dynamic numerical simulation method of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the pumping pump is established. (2) the gas-proof pumping pump is simulated by the dynamic numerical simulation method. The principle of gas lock of gas-proof pump is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE933.3

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