表面活性劑對原油的乳化及其對提高采收率的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-19 16:07
【摘要】：乳化是表面活性劑驅(qū)提高采收率的重要機理之一,近年來越來越受到重視,本文以濮城油田西區(qū)沙二上2+3區(qū)塊油藏為例,研究表面活性劑乳化性能及其對提高采收率的影響。篩選出油藏適用的兩種表面活性劑YD-1、SHY-1,其降低界面張力能力、抗吸附性能、改變潤濕性性能相近,但乳化性能相差很大,YD-1乳化力遠高于SHY-1,在低乳化強度條件下YD-1與原油更容易乳化,在高乳化強度條件下YD-1形成的乳狀液更穩(wěn)定,SHY-1形成的乳狀液很快析水,乳狀液穩(wěn)定性差,YD-1的乳化性能優(yōu)于SHY-1;兩種表面活性劑在低濃度下就具有良好的洗油能力,其中YD-1的洗油能力更強;開展油與表面活性劑溶液同注實驗,通過實驗過程中的壓力變化及采出液的形態(tài)來判斷油、表面活性劑溶液在特定流速下能否通過多孔介質(zhì)剪切形成乳狀液,將發(fā)生乳化的最低流速定義為乳化臨界流速,YD-1與油的乳化臨界流速為0.25 mL/min,而SHY-1與油在1mL/min的流速下不能發(fā)生乳化;YD-1溶液與油以0.5 m L/min的速度同時注入多孔介質(zhì),經(jīng)剪切可以形成乳狀液,形成的乳狀液具有一定的封堵和調(diào)剖性能。在均質(zhì)條件下隨著注入量增加,油水比增大,目標地層滲透率降低,乳狀液的封堵性能變強,當注入量為0.5 PV,油相體積分數(shù)在10%以上,目標地層滲透率在1μm2以下時,乳狀液可以形成良好的封堵,使注入壓力顯著提高;非均質(zhì)條件下,注入量越大,目標地層的滲透率級差越小,乳狀液的調(diào)剖效果越好,注入量0.5 PV時,乳狀液對滲透率級差2左右的地層調(diào)剖效果良好,而當滲透率級差達到5時幾乎沒有調(diào)剖效果;驅(qū)油實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)乳化性能好的YD-1能與油形成乳狀液,通過乳化捕集作用及疊加的賈敏效應提高注入壓力,起到流度控制作用,大大提高驅(qū)油劑的波及系數(shù),提高采收率,無論在均質(zhì)和非均質(zhì)條件下,YD-1驅(qū)的采收率均比降低界面張力能力相近、乳化性能差的SHY-1驅(qū)采收率高5%。
[Abstract]:Emulsification is one of the important mechanisms of surfactant flooding to improve oil recovery. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the emulsification performance of surfactant and its influence on oil recovery. Two kinds of surfactants, YD-1,SHY-1, which are suitable for oil reservoir, can reduce the interfacial tension, resist adsorption and change the wettability. However, the emulsifying power of YD-1 is much higher than that of YD-1 and crude oil under low emulsification strength of SHY-1,. The emulsion formed by YD-1 is more stable than that of SHY-1 in high emulsification strength, and the emulsion formed by SHY-1 can precipitate water quickly, but the emulsifying ability of YD-1 is much higher than that of YD-1 and crude oil under low emulsification strength. The emulsion stability of YD-1 is better than that of SHY-1; at low concentration, among which YD-1 has better oil washing ability, and the experiment of oil injection with surfactant solution is carried out, and the emulsifying ability of YD-1 is better than that of SHY-1; at low concentration, and the emulsifying ability of YD-1 is better than that of YD-1 at low concentration. According to the change of pressure and the morphology of the produced liquid during the experiment, whether the surfactant solution can be shearing through porous media to form emulsion at a specific flow rate can be judged. The lowest flow rate of emulsification is defined as the critical emulsification velocity of YD-1 and the critical flow rate of emulsification of oil is 0.25 mL/min, while that of SHY-1 and oil cannot be injected into porous media simultaneously at the rate of 0.5 m L/min for emulsified YD-1 solution and oil. The emulsion can be formed by shear, and the emulsion has certain plugging and profile control properties. Under homogeneous conditions, with the increase of injection amount, the oil / water ratio increases, the permeability of target formation decreases, and the plugging performance of emulsion becomes stronger. When the injection amount of 0.5 PV, oil phase volume fraction is more than 10%, the target formation permeability is below 1 渭 m ~ 2. The emulsion can form a good plugging and increase the injection pressure significantly, the larger the injection amount, the smaller the permeability difference of the target formation, and the better the profile control effect of the emulsion is, when the injection amount is 0.5 PV, The emulsion has good effect on profile control of formation with permeability difference of about 2, but almost has no profile control effect when permeability difference reaches 5. The oil displacement experiment found that YD-1 with good emulsification property can form emulsion with oil. The injection pressure is increased by emulsifying and trapping and the superposition of Jamin effect, the mobility is controlled, the sweep coefficient of the oil displacement agent is greatly increased, and the oil recovery is improved. The oil recovery of YD-1 flooding under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions is similar to that of reducing interfacial tension, and the oil recovery of SHY-1 flooding with poor emulsification performance is 5% higher than that of SHY-1 flooding with poor emulsification performance.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.46
本文編號：2250631
[Abstract]:Emulsification is one of the important mechanisms of surfactant flooding to improve oil recovery. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the emulsification performance of surfactant and its influence on oil recovery. Two kinds of surfactants, YD-1,SHY-1, which are suitable for oil reservoir, can reduce the interfacial tension, resist adsorption and change the wettability. However, the emulsifying power of YD-1 is much higher than that of YD-1 and crude oil under low emulsification strength of SHY-1,. The emulsion formed by YD-1 is more stable than that of SHY-1 in high emulsification strength, and the emulsion formed by SHY-1 can precipitate water quickly, but the emulsifying ability of YD-1 is much higher than that of YD-1 and crude oil under low emulsification strength. The emulsion stability of YD-1 is better than that of SHY-1; at low concentration, among which YD-1 has better oil washing ability, and the experiment of oil injection with surfactant solution is carried out, and the emulsifying ability of YD-1 is better than that of SHY-1; at low concentration, and the emulsifying ability of YD-1 is better than that of YD-1 at low concentration. According to the change of pressure and the morphology of the produced liquid during the experiment, whether the surfactant solution can be shearing through porous media to form emulsion at a specific flow rate can be judged. The lowest flow rate of emulsification is defined as the critical emulsification velocity of YD-1 and the critical flow rate of emulsification of oil is 0.25 mL/min, while that of SHY-1 and oil cannot be injected into porous media simultaneously at the rate of 0.5 m L/min for emulsified YD-1 solution and oil. The emulsion can be formed by shear, and the emulsion has certain plugging and profile control properties. Under homogeneous conditions, with the increase of injection amount, the oil / water ratio increases, the permeability of target formation decreases, and the plugging performance of emulsion becomes stronger. When the injection amount of 0.5 PV, oil phase volume fraction is more than 10%, the target formation permeability is below 1 渭 m ~ 2. The emulsion can form a good plugging and increase the injection pressure significantly, the larger the injection amount, the smaller the permeability difference of the target formation, and the better the profile control effect of the emulsion is, when the injection amount is 0.5 PV, The emulsion has good effect on profile control of formation with permeability difference of about 2, but almost has no profile control effect when permeability difference reaches 5. The oil displacement experiment found that YD-1 with good emulsification property can form emulsion with oil. The injection pressure is increased by emulsifying and trapping and the superposition of Jamin effect, the mobility is controlled, the sweep coefficient of the oil displacement agent is greatly increased, and the oil recovery is improved. The oil recovery of YD-1 flooding under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions is similar to that of reducing interfacial tension, and the oil recovery of SHY-1 flooding with poor emulsification performance is 5% higher than that of SHY-1 flooding with poor emulsification performance.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.46
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