長慶油田第二采油廠含油污泥處理技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-09 19:16
【摘要】：含油污泥是石油化工行業(yè)在生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營過程中產(chǎn)生的關(guān)鍵污染物之一,有較高的原油回收價(jià)值,其成分極其復(fù)雜,體積龐大,若不加處理大量堆積不僅侵占大面積的土地,降低土地的有效利用價(jià)值,而且其中含有大量的有毒有害物質(zhì)將對油氣田生態(tài)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展造成嚴(yán)重影響,因此含油污泥的無害化處理方法及資源化綜合處置利用成為國內(nèi)外石油化工領(lǐng)域研究的重點(diǎn)。目前,國內(nèi)外對于含油污泥處理方法及工藝的研究較多,但由于含油污泥的性質(zhì)和成分差異較大,每種處理方法及工藝也都有相對的局限性,所以對于性質(zhì)和成分不同的含油污泥,選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)可行的處理方法及工藝尤為關(guān)鍵。本課題的研究對象來源于長慶油田采油二廠的含油污泥,研究探索了化學(xué)熱洗法和超聲技術(shù)處理含油污泥的最佳工藝條件,并將兩種方法有機(jī)組合,將化學(xué)熱洗法、超聲處理法和化學(xué)熱洗+超聲處理工藝的處理效果進(jìn)行對比,并對化學(xué)熱洗+超聲處理后產(chǎn)生的污泥進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)特性鑒別,初步探索了化學(xué)熱洗+超聲處理工藝的可行性,為大范圍應(yīng)用推廣提供了技術(shù)支撐。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)試驗(yàn)研究了化學(xué)藥劑投加量、熱洗溫度、固液比、熱洗時(shí)間、攪拌強(qiáng)度、pH值、熱洗級數(shù)等影響因素對化學(xué)熱洗處理含油污泥除油效果的影響,確定化學(xué)熱洗法處理含油污泥的最佳工藝條件為:HP-003(硅酸鈉、十二烷基苯磺酸鈉、平平加O-20以2:2:1的比例復(fù)配)按1.0g/L投加,熱洗溫度設(shè)為75℃,固液比1:6,熱洗時(shí)間40min,攪拌強(qiáng)度150r/min,pH值=8,1級熱洗,含油污泥采用化學(xué)熱洗法處理在最佳工藝條件下石油類去除率可達(dá)86.7%。(2)試驗(yàn)研究超聲功率、超聲頻率、溫度、超聲時(shí)間等影響因素對超聲法處理含油污泥除油效果的影響,確定超聲法處理含油污泥的最佳工藝條件為:超聲功率340W,超聲頻率28kHz,溫度60℃,超聲時(shí)間15min,在此工藝條件下超聲處理含油污泥石油類去除率可達(dá)81.3%。(3)在最佳工藝條件下將化學(xué)熱洗法和超聲處理法有機(jī)組合,化學(xué)熱洗+超聲處理含油污泥石油類去除率可達(dá)99.4%,處理后的污泥含油率低于2%,而泥相脫水率高達(dá)94.8%,聯(lián)合方法處理效果明顯優(yōu)于化學(xué)熱洗法和超聲處理法單一處理。通過化學(xué)藥劑投加量優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn),確定了化學(xué)熱洗和超聲聯(lián)合處理工藝的最佳藥劑投加量為0.3g/L,相比化學(xué)熱洗法單一處理化學(xué)藥劑使用量1.0g/L,大大減少了化學(xué)藥劑的使用量。(4)將化學(xué)熱洗+超聲處理含油污泥后產(chǎn)生的污泥進(jìn)行腐蝕性(pH)和浸出毒性危險(xiǎn)特性鑒別,測定結(jié)果顯示處理后污泥不具有腐蝕性(pH)與浸出毒性危險(xiǎn)特性,且化學(xué)熱洗+超聲組合工藝處理后產(chǎn)生污泥中的含水率、含油率、pH值及重金屬含量均滿足《農(nóng)用污泥中污染物控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 4294-1984)、《油田含油污泥綜合利用污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(DB 23/T1413-2010)、《含油污泥處置利用控制限制》(DB 61/T 1025-2016)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的限值要求,為后續(xù)綜合利用提供保障,由上述結(jié)果可以得出,化學(xué)熱洗+超聲組合工藝處理含油污泥效果較好,技術(shù)可行,在實(shí)現(xiàn)含油污泥資源化的同時(shí)達(dá)到了無害化處理。
[Abstract]:Oily sludge is one of the key pollutants produced in the process of production and operation in the petrochemical industry. It has high value of oil recovery. Its composition is extremely complex and its volume is huge. If a large amount of accumulation is not treated, it will not only occupy a large area of land and reduce the effective use value of land, but also contain a large number of toxic and harmful substances. The eco-environment and economic development of oil and gas fields have caused serious impacts, so the harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of oily sludge have become the focus of petrochemical research at home and abroad. Each treatment method and process has its own limitations, so it is very important to choose the economic and technological feasible treatment method and process for oily sludge with different properties and components. The optimum technological conditions of sludge and the combination of the two methods were studied. The effects of chemical hot washing, ultrasonic treatment and chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment were compared. The dangerous characteristics of sludge produced by chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment were identified. The feasibility of chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment was preliminarily explored. The main results are as follows: (1) The effects of chemical dosage, hot washing temperature, solid-liquid ratio, hot washing time, stirring strength, pH value and hot washing order on the oil removal efficiency of oily sludge by chemical hot washing were studied, and the optimum technological conditions for oily sludge treatment by chemical hot washing were determined. HP-003 (sodium silicate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, flat plus O-20 in the ratio of 2:2:1) was added at 1.0 g/L. The hot washing temperature was set at 75 C, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:6, the hot washing time was 40 min, the stirring strength was 150 r/min, the pH value was 8,1 class hot washing, and the oil-bearing sludge was treated by chemical hot washing under the optimum conditions. The oil removal rate could reach 86.7%. (2) Experimental study. The influence of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency, temperature and ultrasonic time on the oil removal efficiency of ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge was studied. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 340W, ultrasonic frequency 28kHz, temperature 60 C, ultrasonic time 15min. Under these conditions, the oil removal efficiency of ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge was determined. (3) Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of petroleum from oily sludge can reach 99.4%, the oil content of treated sludge is less than 2%, and the dewatering rate of sludge is as high as 94.8%. The combined method is obviously better than the chemical hot washing and ultrasonic treatment. The optimum dosage of chemical reagent was 0.3g/L. Compared with the chemical reagent dosage of 1.0g/L, the chemical reagent dosage was greatly reduced. (4) The sludge produced by chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge was decomposed. Corrosion (pH) and leaching toxicity were identified. The results showed that the treated sludge had no corrosive (pH) and leaching toxicity. The water content, oil content, pH value and heavy metal content in the sludge produced by the combined process of chemical hot washing and ultrasonic all met the control standard of pollutants in agricultural sludge (GB 4294-1984), < oil Pollution control standard for oily sludge comprehensive utilization > (DB 23/T1413-2010), < Limitation of oily sludge disposal and utilization control > (DB 61/T 1025-2016) provides a guarantee for the subsequent comprehensive utilization. From the above results, it can be concluded that the combined process of chemical hot washing and ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge has a better effect and is technically feasible. At the same time, the sludge has been treated harmlessly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X741
本文編號：2233320
[Abstract]:Oily sludge is one of the key pollutants produced in the process of production and operation in the petrochemical industry. It has high value of oil recovery. Its composition is extremely complex and its volume is huge. If a large amount of accumulation is not treated, it will not only occupy a large area of land and reduce the effective use value of land, but also contain a large number of toxic and harmful substances. The eco-environment and economic development of oil and gas fields have caused serious impacts, so the harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of oily sludge have become the focus of petrochemical research at home and abroad. Each treatment method and process has its own limitations, so it is very important to choose the economic and technological feasible treatment method and process for oily sludge with different properties and components. The optimum technological conditions of sludge and the combination of the two methods were studied. The effects of chemical hot washing, ultrasonic treatment and chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment were compared. The dangerous characteristics of sludge produced by chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment were identified. The feasibility of chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment was preliminarily explored. The main results are as follows: (1) The effects of chemical dosage, hot washing temperature, solid-liquid ratio, hot washing time, stirring strength, pH value and hot washing order on the oil removal efficiency of oily sludge by chemical hot washing were studied, and the optimum technological conditions for oily sludge treatment by chemical hot washing were determined. HP-003 (sodium silicate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, flat plus O-20 in the ratio of 2:2:1) was added at 1.0 g/L. The hot washing temperature was set at 75 C, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:6, the hot washing time was 40 min, the stirring strength was 150 r/min, the pH value was 8,1 class hot washing, and the oil-bearing sludge was treated by chemical hot washing under the optimum conditions. The oil removal rate could reach 86.7%. (2) Experimental study. The influence of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency, temperature and ultrasonic time on the oil removal efficiency of ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge was studied. The optimum conditions of ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 340W, ultrasonic frequency 28kHz, temperature 60 C, ultrasonic time 15min. Under these conditions, the oil removal efficiency of ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge was determined. (3) Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of petroleum from oily sludge can reach 99.4%, the oil content of treated sludge is less than 2%, and the dewatering rate of sludge is as high as 94.8%. The combined method is obviously better than the chemical hot washing and ultrasonic treatment. The optimum dosage of chemical reagent was 0.3g/L. Compared with the chemical reagent dosage of 1.0g/L, the chemical reagent dosage was greatly reduced. (4) The sludge produced by chemical hot washing + ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge was decomposed. Corrosion (pH) and leaching toxicity were identified. The results showed that the treated sludge had no corrosive (pH) and leaching toxicity. The water content, oil content, pH value and heavy metal content in the sludge produced by the combined process of chemical hot washing and ultrasonic all met the control standard of pollutants in agricultural sludge (GB 4294-1984), < oil Pollution control standard for oily sludge comprehensive utilization > (DB 23/T1413-2010), < Limitation of oily sludge disposal and utilization control > (DB 61/T 1025-2016) provides a guarantee for the subsequent comprehensive utilization. From the above results, it can be concluded that the combined process of chemical hot washing and ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge has a better effect and is technically feasible. At the same time, the sludge has been treated harmlessly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X741
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