【摘要】：塔河油田在前期注水開發(fā)后,由于其特殊的縫洞單元結(jié)構(gòu),形成了注入水無法波及的“閣樓油”。針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象,油田實(shí)行了單井注氮?dú)庠囼?yàn),但是在前期試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),由于各縫洞單元儲(chǔ)層結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)育程度以及連通程度的不同,不同單井注氣時(shí)井底壓力響應(yīng)曲線形態(tài)各異,且不同縫洞單元注氣量大不相同,油田在進(jìn)行單井注氣量、注氣壓力以及燜井時(shí)間等參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),缺乏合理的理論指導(dǎo)。針對(duì)這一問題,本文提出了一套縫洞型儲(chǔ)層注氮?dú)?水井筒、儲(chǔ)層系統(tǒng)壓力預(yù)測(cè)模型的建立方法。流體從井筒經(jīng)井周裂縫儲(chǔ)集帶注入溶洞,其中在垂直井筒中的流動(dòng)為管流,在井周裂縫儲(chǔ)集帶中為滲流,進(jìn)入溶洞后為自由流動(dòng)。根據(jù)這一流動(dòng)原理,將單井注氮?dú)?水系統(tǒng)分為兩部分：井筒部分和儲(chǔ)層部分,其中儲(chǔ)層部分包括井周儲(chǔ)集帶和溶洞,分別建立各部分在注氮?dú)?水時(shí)的壓力預(yù)測(cè)模型。在井筒系統(tǒng)方面,對(duì)井筒氣水兩相流動(dòng)漂移模型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),使其適用于垂直井筒向下注入氣水時(shí)的井筒壓降計(jì)算,漂移模型充分考慮了兩相流界面效應(yīng),可用于不同注入氣水比的單井井筒壓力分布計(jì)算。在儲(chǔ)層壓力方面,基于塔河油田的儲(chǔ)集體類型和生產(chǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)特征,建立了單井注入過程的物理模型,根據(jù)物質(zhì)平衡原理,推導(dǎo)出注氣采油過程中溶洞內(nèi)壓力與注入流體體積的關(guān)系,在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合質(zhì)量守恒定律、產(chǎn)能方程,分別建立了純氮?dú)庾⑷搿⒌獨(dú)?水混合注入時(shí)的注入過程和燜井過程儲(chǔ)層壓力模型,并對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了無因次化處理,最后分析了井所在儲(chǔ)層類型、井筒周圍導(dǎo)流能力和井口注入速度對(duì)井底壓力的影響。通過實(shí)例驗(yàn)證,說明了井筒、儲(chǔ)層壓力預(yù)測(cè)模型具有較高的有效性和實(shí)用性。單井注入系統(tǒng)壓力預(yù)測(cè)模型的建立,為塔河油田注氮?dú)?水參數(shù)優(yōu)化分析和制定合理的工作制度提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The loft oil which can not be affected by injected water is formed because of its special fracture-cavity unit structure after the earlier water injection development in Tahe Oilfield. In view of this phenomenon, the single well nitrogen injection test was carried out in the oilfield, but in the previous experiment, it was found that because of the different reservoir structure, development degree and connectivity degree of each fracture and cavity unit, the bottom hole pressure response curve of different single well injection was different. The gas injection rate of different fracture-cavity units is very different, and the design of single well gas injection rate, gas injection pressure and braising time is lack of reasonable theoretical guidance. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a set of methods for predicting the pressure of the reservoir system by injecting nitrogen gas and water into the wellbore. The fluid is injected into the cavern from the wellbore through the fracture zone around the well, in which the flow in the vertical wellbore is pipe flow, the flow in the fracture zone around the well is percolation, and the flow is free after entering the cavern. According to this flow principle, the single well injection nitrogen gas-water system is divided into two parts: the wellbore part and the reservoir part, in which the reservoir part includes the reservoir zone and the cavern around the well, and the pressure prediction models of each part during the injection of nitrogen gas and water are established respectively. In the aspect of wellbore system, the two-phase drift model of gas-water flow in wellbore is improved, which is suitable for the calculation of wellbore pressure drop when the vertical wellbore is injected with gas and water down. The drift model takes full account of the effect of two-phase flow interface. It can be used to calculate the wellbore pressure distribution of single well with different injection gas / water ratio. In terms of reservoir pressure, based on the reservoir types and production dynamic characteristics of Tahe Oilfield, a physical model of single well injection process is established, and according to the principle of material balance, The relationship between the pressure in the cavern and the volume of the injected fluid in the process of gas injection is deduced. On the basis of this, the pure nitrogen injection is established by combining the law of conservation of mass and the equation of productivity. The reservoir pressure model during the mixed injection of nitrogen and water, and the dimensionless treatment of the model are carried out. Finally, the effects of the reservoir type, the flow conductivity around the wellbore and the injection velocity of the wellhead on the bottom hole pressure are analyzed. The example shows that the well bore and reservoir pressure prediction model is effective and practical. The establishment of pressure prediction model for single well injection system provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the parameters of nitrogen injection and water injection in Tahe Oilfield and making a reasonable working system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357

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