【摘要】：2010年美國“頁巖氣革命”的成功給我們提出一個解決能源供需缺口的新思路。據(jù)地質調查局報告,截至2014年底,我國三級地質頁巖氣儲量5×1011m3,探明地質儲量1.067×1011m3,資源量豐富,我國2010年起開始進入頁巖氣的勘探開發(fā),借鑒美國頁巖氣開發(fā)的成功經(jīng)驗,我國頁巖氣開發(fā)取得一定的成果。頁巖氣開發(fā)先期投資高,投資周期長,政府為了激勵石油企業(yè)進入頁巖氣市場,借鑒美國的開發(fā)經(jīng)驗,提出一系列財稅減免與補貼政策。但是我國頁巖氣勘探開發(fā)處于初期階段,地質條件、基礎設施、管網(wǎng)建設、進駐頁巖氣市場的公司性質均與美國不盡相同,如何針對我國具體的實際情況,利用好政府補貼、財稅減免等政策支持石油企業(yè)開發(fā),是我國頁巖發(fā)展很重要的一個待研究的問題。本文首先通過文獻的回顧,國內外關于財稅政策在石油、天然氣、頁巖氣等能源領域的研究,補貼方式等問題。其次從問題的導向分析我國現(xiàn)行頁巖氣政策,目前我國頁巖氣的政策存在環(huán)境問題重視不足、政策激勵力度不夠、可操作性不強等不足。系統(tǒng)動力學的方法近年來被廣泛應用與能源領域,由于頁巖氣開發(fā)系統(tǒng)復雜,不可能真實實驗,成本高,浪費資源,因此本文采用系統(tǒng)動力學方法進行建模仿真研究,從定性、定量分析相結合,借鑒國外經(jīng)驗同時也結合我國實際對我國頁巖氣開發(fā)財稅減免與補貼建模進行仿真研究。通過仿真發(fā)現(xiàn),政府補貼對于我國頁巖氣早期的勘探開發(fā)是十分必要的,由于政策的延遲性,稅收的減免對于我國頁巖氣長期開發(fā)影響更大,對我國的頁巖氣勘探開發(fā)速度、企業(yè)稅后利潤、實際產能、市場的供需缺口都有很大的影響。因此建議我國應長期實行頁巖氣的補貼,并適當降低補貼標準,制定相應資源稅、增值稅、企業(yè)所得稅減免的優(yōu)惠政策。
[Abstract]:The success of the US shale gas revolution in 2010 gives us a new way to solve the energy supply and demand gap. According to the report of the Geological Survey, by the end of 2014, China's third-grade geological shale gas reserves were 5 脳 10 11 m 3 and proven geological reserves 1.067 脳 10 11 m 3. China began to enter the exploration and development of shale gas in 2010, drawing lessons from the successful experience of shale gas development in the United States. Some achievements have been made in the development of shale gas in China. In order to encourage oil enterprises to enter the shale gas market, the government puts forward a series of fiscal and tax relief and subsidy policies in order to encourage oil enterprises to enter the shale gas market. However, the exploration and development of shale gas in China is at an early stage. The geological conditions, infrastructure, pipe network construction, and the nature of the companies entering the shale gas market are all different from those in the United States. How to make good use of government subsidies according to the actual situation of our country? Fiscal and tax reduction and other policies to support the development of oil enterprises, shale development in China is an important issue to be studied. Firstly, this paper reviews the domestic and international research on fiscal policy in the fields of oil, natural gas, shale gas and other energy sources, subsidy methods and so on. Secondly, the current shale gas policy of our country is analyzed from the direction of the problem. At present, the policy of shale gas in our country has some shortcomings, such as insufficient attention to environmental problems, insufficient policy incentives and weak maneuverability. The method of system dynamics has been widely used in the field of energy in recent years. Because of the complexity of shale gas development system, it is impossible to experiment, the cost is high and the resources are wasted. Combined with quantitative analysis and using foreign experience for reference, the fiscal and tax relief and subsidy modeling for shale gas development in China is simulated and studied in combination with the actual situation in China. Through simulation, it is found that government subsidies are very necessary for the early exploration and development of shale gas in China. Due to the delay of the policy, the tax relief has a greater impact on the long-term development of shale gas in China, and it has a great impact on the speed of shale gas exploration and development in China. After-tax profits, actual capacity, market supply and demand gap has a great impact. Therefore, it is suggested that China should implement the shale gas subsidy for a long time, reduce the subsidy standard properly, and formulate the preferential policies of resource tax, value-added tax and enterprise income tax reduction.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F426.22;F812.4

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