本文選題：低滲透 + 分層注水�。� 參考：《長江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：國內(nèi)外低滲透油田的開發(fā)已有近百年的歷史,其中美國早在1871年發(fā)現(xiàn)并開發(fā)了世界著名的勃萊德福低滲透砂巖大油田(平均滲透率7.510×10-3μm2、平均孔隙度15%)。在我國低滲透油田開發(fā)也有著悠久的歷史,1907年9月10日,我國陸上鉆成第一口油井—延長油田1號井,其產(chǎn)層就是舉世聞名的特低滲透層—三疊系延長統(tǒng)油層。從國內(nèi)外有關(guān)報道情況來看,對低滲透油田基本的地質(zhì)特征和開發(fā)特征有如下認(rèn)識：(1)儲層物性差,滲透率低。由于顆粒細(xì),分選差,膠結(jié)物含量高,經(jīng)壓實(shí)和后生成巖作用使儲層變得十分致密,滲透率一般小于100×10-31.μm2,少數(shù)低于1.0×10-3μm2：(2)儲層孔隙度一般偏低,變化幅度大。大部分在7%～20%分布,個別高達(dá)25%(美國巴羅島油田),多數(shù)低滲透油田的有效厚度有限,所以儲量豐度普遍偏低；(3)原始含水飽和度較高,原油物性較好。一般含水飽和度在30%—40%,個別高達(dá)60%(美國的東堪頓油田),原油密度多數(shù)小于0.85,地層原油粘度多數(shù)小于3 mPa.S。這就決定了低滲透油田雖能注水,但水淹速度偏快；特低滲透油藏的顯著特征是儲層滲透率遠(yuǎn)低于中高滲透油藏、滲流存在啟動壓力梯度、部分微裂縫發(fā)育,因此,特低滲透油藏分層注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有其特殊性：(1)特低滲透油藏如長慶虎狼卯長6油藏裂縫較發(fā)育,對注水開發(fā)效果影響較大,因此對隔層厚度及穩(wěn)定性要求更高；(2)層段內(nèi)小層數(shù)根據(jù)層段內(nèi)滲透率變異系數(shù)、突進(jìn)系數(shù)進(jìn)行控制,均質(zhì)性越差,小層數(shù)越少；(3)特低滲透油藏滲透率特低、存在啟動壓力梯度,水井一般需要壓裂投注,需要更高的注水壓力才可正常注水；歷年測試吸水強(qiáng)的層盡量單卡單注;(4)低滲透油藏注水形成優(yōu)勢通道后,目前無有效調(diào)剖堵水技術(shù),因此應(yīng)對注水量進(jìn)行控制,防止油藏在低采出程度期油井大面積水淹；長慶超低滲透油藏自規(guī)模開發(fā)以來,受儲層吸水差異影響,逐步表現(xiàn)出水驅(qū)動用程度低、地層壓力保持水平低及遞減大等問題。近年來,為改善吸水狀況,提高水驅(qū)動用程度,使縱向分層注水分布均勻,進(jìn)行分層注水。目前超低滲油藏主要采用兩層分注,為滿足精細(xì)注水要求,還需開展多層分注。本文在把握油水流動特征的基礎(chǔ)上,對油藏注采系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了等效表征,建立了能夠綜合考慮壓縮性和關(guān)停井情況的井間動態(tài)連通性模型。在此之上基于貝葉斯理論和投影梯度法,建立了連通性模型整體約束優(yōu)化方法,為動態(tài)分析、裂縫建模提供了新的方法和數(shù)據(jù)。創(chuàng)新建立了分層注水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在非均質(zhì)性影響水驅(qū)效率分析基礎(chǔ)上,確定分層注水后,綜合運(yùn)用開發(fā)動態(tài)、動態(tài)監(jiān)測及數(shù)值模擬研究方法,建立油藏精細(xì)分層注水技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即層間滲透率級差小于3；隔層厚度≥1m,為精細(xì)分層注水方案的制定提供依據(jù)。運(yùn)用油藏工程、開發(fā)動態(tài)數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)法及數(shù)值模擬方法相結(jié)合,制定出地層壓力、井底流壓及注水強(qiáng)度等精細(xì)注水政策。油藏合理地層壓力12.1MPa;合理井底流壓6.0—7.5MPa模擬區(qū)合理注采比為1.1,合理采液速度1.7%,預(yù)測方案采出程度12.81%(模擬十年),累產(chǎn)油26.65萬方。
[Abstract]:The development of low permeability oil fields at home and abroad has a history of nearly one hundred years. In 1871, the United States discovered and developed the world famous Bradford low permeability sandstone oil field (the average permeability is 7.510 * 10-3 Mu m2, the average porosity is 15%). In China, the development of low permeability Oilfield has a long history. In September 10, 1907, China was drilled on the land. An oil well - Yanchang oilfield No. 1 is well known as the ultra low permeable layer of the Triassic Yanchang formation. From the relevant reports at home and abroad, the basic geological characteristics and development characteristics of low permeability oilfields are as follows: (1) poor physical property and low permeability. The compaction and metabenetic diagenesis make the reservoir very dense, and the permeability is generally less than 100 x 10-31. Mu m2, and the porosity of a few below 1 x 10-3 mu m2: (2) is generally low and large. Most of them are distributed in 7% to 20%, up to 25% (American barrow island oil field), and the effective thickness of most low permeability oil fields is limited, so the reserves abundance is common. All times are low; (3) the original water saturation is high and the crude oil property is better. The general water saturation is 30% to 40%, the individual is up to 60% (East Kanton oil field in the United States), the density of crude oil is less than 0.85, and the viscosity of the crude oil is mostly less than 3 mPa.S., which determines that the low permeability oil field can be injected with water, but the water flooding speed is fast; the remarkable low permeability reservoir is significant. The characteristic is that the reservoir permeability is far lower than the medium high permeability reservoir, the seepage flow has the starting pressure gradient and the partial micro crack development. Therefore, the stratified water injection standard of the ultra-low permeability reservoir has its particularity: (1) the fracture of the reservoir of the ultra low permeability reservoir, such as the Changqing tiger Mao Chang 6 reservoir is more developed, and has a great influence on the water injection development effect. Therefore, the thickness and stability of the partition are made. Higher requirements are required; (2) the small layers within the layer are controlled according to the permeability variation coefficient and the penetration coefficient in the layer, the worse the uniformity is, the less the number of small layers; (3) the permeability of the ultra-low permeability reservoir is very low, the starting pressure gradient exists, the well usually needs fracturing injection, and the higher water injection pressure is needed to the normal water injection; the water absorption strength is tested over the years. 4. (4) there is no effective profile control and water plugging technology at present after water flooding in low permeability reservoir, so water injection should be controlled to prevent oil reservoir from flooding in large area of oil wells at low production level. Since the low permeability reservoir of Chang Qingchao has been developed from scale, it is affected by the difference of reservoir water absorption and gradually shows the driving course of water production. In recent years, in order to improve water absorption, improve water flooding and improve water flooding, the vertical stratified water injection is evenly distributed and stratified water injection is carried out in recent years. At present, two layers of injection are used in ultra-low permeability reservoirs to meet the requirements of fine water injection. On the basis of the equivalent characterization of the reservoir injection and production system, the dynamic connectivity model which can comprehensively consider the compressibility and shutdown conditions is established. Based on the Bayesian theory and the projection gradient method, the integral constraint optimization method for the connectivity model is established, which provides a new method and number for the dynamic analysis and the fracture modeling. On the basis of the analysis of water flooding efficiency analysis on the basis of non homogeneity influence water flooding efficiency, the comprehensive utilization of development dynamic, dynamic monitoring and numerical simulation research methods are used to establish the technical standard of reservoir fine stratified water injection, that is, the interlayer permeability differential is smaller than 3, and the thickness of the partition is more than 1m, which is a fine stratified water injection scheme. The reservoir engineering, the development of dynamic mathematical statistics, the experience method and the numerical simulation method are combined to make the fine injection policy of formation pressure, bottom hole flow pressure and water injection strength. The reasonable formation pressure of the reservoir is 12.1MPa; the reasonable injection production ratio of the reasonable bottom hole flow pressure 6 to 7.5MPa simulation area is 1.1, the reasonable mining speed is 1.7%, the forecast party is expected. The level of the case was 12.81% (simulated for ten years), and the cumulative output of oil was 266 thousand and 500.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.6

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