本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)向酸 + 微觀結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《西南石油大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前低滲透、特低滲透油藏已成為油氣田開發(fā)的主戰(zhàn)場,酸化是低滲透儲層開發(fā)和增產(chǎn)的重要措施之一,近年來發(fā)展了以黏彈性表面活性劑為基礎的轉(zhuǎn)向酸化體系,可以滿足均勻布酸目的,有效提高了酸化施工效果。然而該轉(zhuǎn)向酸化技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)向理論問題在國內(nèi)外還沒有認識清楚,制約了這項技術(shù)優(yōu)勢的更好發(fā)揮。本文在廣泛調(diào)研國內(nèi)外轉(zhuǎn)向酸研究現(xiàn)狀及表面活性劑溶液微觀結(jié)構(gòu)表征方法的基礎上,研究了轉(zhuǎn)向酸溶液的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)及宏觀黏彈性能與轉(zhuǎn)向性能之間的關系。 通過穩(wěn)態(tài)黏度測試、黏彈性能測試和觸變性測試研究了酸濃度、鈣離子、表面活性劑濃度以及醇濃度對轉(zhuǎn)向酸流變特性的影響。實驗結(jié)果及由相關模型求取流變參數(shù)顯示不同酸濃度下轉(zhuǎn)向酸黏度差異并不大,隨著酸濃度的降低,彈性模量G與結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)λ都大致呈現(xiàn)出先增加后降低的趨勢,在12%-15%時達到最大。而在酸濃度為8%-10%時,轉(zhuǎn)向酸溶液出現(xiàn)相分離,流變性質(zhì)發(fā)生突變,但剪切作用、鈣離子以及醇存在能促使體系形成較為穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu),溶液彈性模量以及體系的結(jié)構(gòu)弛豫時間τ均明顯增大。 采用動態(tài)光散射實驗和透射電鏡掃描對轉(zhuǎn)向酸溶液內(nèi)部聚集體尺寸及微觀結(jié)構(gòu)變化進行了觀測。結(jié)果表明隨著酸濃度從高到低,膠束平均粒徑先升高后降低,在高酸濃度下,體系主要以長蠕蟲狀膠束相互纏繞形成網(wǎng)絡結(jié)構(gòu)為主且隨著酸濃度的降低,網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)間網(wǎng)眼大小明顯變小,結(jié)構(gòu)逐漸變得均一、連續(xù)、致密。轉(zhuǎn)向酸溶液微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的變化與不同酸濃度流變性能的改變一致,同樣在不同醇濃度以及表面活性劑濃度下二者也顯示出同步變化的規(guī)律,表明溶液中膠束聚集形態(tài)的變化是引起體系彈性特征以及結(jié)構(gòu)強度差異的內(nèi)在原因。 使用微孔濾膜模擬油藏的多孔介質(zhì)研究了封堵轉(zhuǎn)向性能。發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著酸濃度的減小,轉(zhuǎn)向酸溶液封堵能力先增強后減弱,通過計算體系流經(jīng)變徑孔道過程中彈性黏度發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)向酸封堵轉(zhuǎn)向性能不僅與體系靜態(tài)黏度、黏彈性有關,同樣與液體通過多孔介質(zhì)時動態(tài)黏彈性以及由此產(chǎn)生的附加彈性黏度有關,而數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明采用考慮由彈性黏度引起的拉伸壓降的模型模擬結(jié)果更接近真實情況。
[Abstract]:At present, low permeability and ultra-low permeability reservoirs have become the main battlefield of oil and gas field development. Acidizing is one of the important measures to develop and increase production of low permeability reservoirs. In recent years, a turning acidizing system based on viscoelastic surfactants has been developed. It can meet the purpose of uniform acid distribution and effectively improve the effect of acidizing construction. However, the theory of turning to acidizing technology has not been clearly understood at home and abroad, which restricts the better exertion of this technology advantage. On the basis of the investigation of the present situation of the study on steering acid at home and abroad and the methods of characterization of the microstructure of the surfactant solution, the relationship between the microstructure of the acid solution and the macroscopic viscoelastic energy and the steering property is studied in this paper. The effects of acid concentration, calcium ion, surfactant concentration and alcohol concentration on rheological properties of turning acid were studied by means of steady viscosity test, viscoelastic property test and thixotropy test. The experimental results and the rheological parameters obtained from the model show that the viscosity of the turning acid is not different at different acid concentrations. With the decrease of acid concentration, the modulus of elasticity G and the structural parameter 位 tend to increase first and then decrease. Reach maximum at 12- 15%. However, when the acid concentration was 8- 10%, the phase separation appeared in the acid solution and the rheological property was abrupt. However, shearing, calcium ion and alcohol could promote the formation of a stable structure of the system. The elastic modulus of the solution and the relaxation time 蟿 of the structure of the system increase obviously. Dynamic light scattering experiments and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the size and microstructure of the aggregates in the acid solution. The results showed that the average particle size of micelles first increased and then decreased with the acid concentration from high to low. At high acid concentration, the long wormlike micelles formed a network structure and the structure decreased with the decrease of acid concentration. The size of mesh between reticular structures became smaller, and the structure became uniform, continuous and compact. The change of the microstructure of the turning acid solution is consistent with the change of the rheological properties of different acid concentration, and the change law of the two changes is also shown at different concentration of alcohols and surfactants. It is shown that the change of micelle aggregation morphology in solution is the internal cause of the difference of the elastic characteristics and the structural strength of the system. The performance of plugging steering was studied by using microporous membrane to simulate the porous media of reservoir. It is found that with the decrease of acid concentration, the plugging ability of the turning acid solution increases first and then weakens. By calculating the elastic viscosity of the system in the process of flowing through the variable diameter channels, it is found that the steering performance of the turning acid plugging is not only related to the static viscosity of the system, but also to the viscoelasticity of the system. It is also related to the dynamic viscoelasticity of liquid passing through porous media and the additional elastic viscosity. The numerical simulation results show that the model considering the tension pressure drop caused by elastic viscosity is closer to the real situation.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.2

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