本文選題：徑向鉆孔噴頭 + 水射流��； 參考：《中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水力噴射徑向鉆孔技術(shù)是旨在提高油井產(chǎn)量的鉆井新技術(shù)新方法。所謂水力噴射徑向鉆孔即是在一個(gè)儲(chǔ)層平面通過(guò)噴射鉆出多個(gè)沿直井半徑方向的徑向水平井眼,可大幅增加油井泄油面積,從而達(dá)到了“少井高產(chǎn)”、降低噸油成本的目的,是提高低滲透油氣藏經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)采的重要手段。通過(guò)概述國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,詳解徑向鉆孔作業(yè)施工流程,分析國(guó)內(nèi)外幾種射流噴頭的特點(diǎn),為本課題的設(shè)計(jì)提供思路。從水射流理論出發(fā),引入到本課題的研究重點(diǎn)CFD數(shù)值模擬分析,介紹CFD的研究方法和技術(shù)路線,使用CFD數(shù)值模擬分析優(yōu)選噴嘴布置方式,噴頭內(nèi)腔流道形狀、噴嘴出口段長(zhǎng)徑比的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。確立了3個(gè)正向噴嘴、2個(gè)后向噴嘴的噴嘴布置方式,圓弧、圓錐混合型的內(nèi)腔流道設(shè)計(jì)以及3.5~4.0的噴嘴出口段優(yōu)選長(zhǎng)徑比。對(duì)噴嘴內(nèi)外流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行流場(chǎng)分析后得到個(gè)噴嘴的流量流速分布,發(fā)現(xiàn)初始設(shè)計(jì)的前向噴嘴直徑過(guò)小,噴速較低,針對(duì)該問(wèn)題修改模型后重新計(jì)算得到優(yōu)選的噴嘴直徑配置,前向噴嘴直徑分別為0.6mm,0.7mm及0.8mm,反向噴嘴直徑為1.2mm。計(jì)算得到在30L/Min的流量下,前向射流流量為11.89L/Min,后向噴嘴流量為18.11L/Min。利用ANSYS軟件流固耦合模型對(duì)徑向鉆孔噴頭破巖成孔過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析,將流場(chǎng)分析結(jié)果導(dǎo)入結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)分析軟件,對(duì)破巖成孔過(guò)程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬分析,驗(yàn)證噴頭的沖蝕效果。結(jié)果顯示,前向噴嘴射流作用在靶體上形成2層剪切破碎圈,形變范圍大于噴頭外徑,這說(shuō)明前向噴嘴在空間布置上是合理的;巖體所受最大剪應(yīng)力為6.93MPa,對(duì)于硬砂巖抗壓強(qiáng)度60.25MPa,按照巖石抗剪強(qiáng)度破壞理論,射流已能夠破碎巖石。室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明在40MPa的泵壓,30L/Min的排量下噴頭產(chǎn)生的水射流能夠破巖,破巖形成的破碎坑的內(nèi)切圓直徑超過(guò)噴頭外徑,表明該設(shè)計(jì)方案用于破巖是有效的。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic injection radial drilling technology is a new drilling technology and new method aimed at increasing oil well production. The so-called hydraulic jet radial drilling is to drill several radial horizontal boreholes along the direction of the straight well radius in a reservoir plane, which can greatly increase the oil discharge area of the well, thus achieving the purpose of "less wells with high production" and reducing the cost of oil per ton. It is an important means to improve the economic exploitation of low permeability reservoirs. This paper summarizes the present research situation at home and abroad, explains the construction flow of radial drilling operation, and analyzes the characteristics of several kinds of jet sprinklers at home and abroad, which provides the train of thought for the design of this subject. Based on the theory of water jet, this paper introduces the CFD numerical simulation analysis, introduces the research method and technical route of CFD, uses CFD numerical simulation to analyze the optimal nozzle layout, the nozzle flow channel shape. Key parameters of nozzle exit length to diameter ratio. Three forward nozzles and two backward nozzles were set up, the design of the inner cavity flow channel of the arc and conical mixed type and the optimum aspect ratio of the nozzle outlet section of 3.5N 4.0 were established. After analyzing the flow field inside and outside the nozzle, the flow velocity distribution of the nozzle is obtained. It is found that the initial designed forward nozzle diameter is too small and the jet velocity is low. The diameter of the forward nozzle is 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm and 0.8 mm respectively, and the diameter of the reverse nozzle is 1.2 mm. Under the 30L/Min flow rate, the forward jet flow rate is 11.89L / min, and the backward nozzle flow rate is 18.11L / Min. The flow-solid coupling model of ANSYS software is used to analyze the process of rock breaking and forming hole of radial drill nozzle. The results of flow field analysis are imported into the structural mechanics analysis software, and the numerical simulation analysis of the process of rock breaking and hole formation is carried out to verify the erosion effect of the nozzle. The results show that the forward nozzle jet acts on the target to form two layers of shearing and breaking ring, and the deformation range is larger than the outer diameter of the nozzle, which indicates that the forward nozzle is reasonably arranged in space. The maximum shear stress of rock mass is 6.93 MPA. For the compressive strength of hard sandstone, 60.25 MPA, according to the failure theory of rock shear strength, the jet has been able to break the rock. The experimental results show that the water jet produced by the nozzle under the displacement of 30 L / Min of 40MPa pump pressure can break the rock, and the diameter of the inner tangent circle of the broken pit is larger than the diameter of the nozzle, which indicates that the design scheme is effective for rock breaking.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE921.1

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